发布时间：2022-08-18 22:20:03
序言：写作是分享个人见解和探索未知领域的桥梁，我们为您精选了8篇的元旦标语样本，期待这些样本能够为您提供丰富的参考和启发，请尽情阅读。
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31.与时俱进弘扬南汇精神，万众一心构建和谐港城
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37.新年新气象，商场大酬宾
38.祝大家新年快乐!
39.喜迎元旦佳节
40.张灯结彩欢度佳节，齐心协力共创伟业
41.城市，让生活更美好
42.世界文明的盛会，我们大家的世博
43.迎元旦，庆新春
44.元旦快乐
45.公司祝各位同仁：新年好!
46.文明的城市、欢庆的佳节，美好的生活
47.聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展
48.祝各位在新的一年里：身体健康，万事如意!
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关键词：标准单点定位；数据处理；精密星历；钟差
中图分类号： N37 文献标识码： A 文章编号：
GPS自投入使用以来，正向着实时、高精度、高可靠性的方向发展。在GPS应用中，通常采用相对定位的作业模式， GPS技术的不断发展，相对定位作业模式被发现存在一些不足，随着各种研究的不断深入，产生了一种解决这些不足的方法，即GPS精密单点定位技术，它可以利用单台接收机在全球范围内进行高精度的独立的静态或者动态定位，利用卫星星历及卫星钟差，以单台双频接收机采集的非差相位和伪距数据作为主要观测值来进行单点定位，可以直接得到分米级甚至厘米级的高精度的ITRF框架标。
一、GPS标准单点定位的基本原理
伪距单点定位是利用测码伪距观测值以及由广播星历提供的卫星轨道参数和卫星钟改正数来独立确定单测站的绝对位置的定位方法，它具有速度快，数据处理简单等优点，其精度也足以满足部分用户的需要，是导航及低精度测量中所用的一种定位方法。本文以伪距单点定位为基础研究了电离层与对流层误差模型。
利用单点定位方法进行动态定位时，由于每个载置只能进行一次观测，故精度较低，但可以通过平滑或滤波等方法来消弱噪声，提高定位精度。利用单点定位方法进行静态定位时，由于点位可反复测定，当观测时间较长时可提高定位精度。
二、GPS标准单点定位的主要误差源及改正模型
1．电离层延迟
电离层延迟是GPS点定位中的一种重要误差源，也是致使差分GPS系统的定位精度随流动站和基准站间距增加而迅速下降的主要原因之一。地球高层大气的分子和原子在太阳的紫外线，X射线和高能粒子的作用下电离，产生自由电子和和正负离子，形成从宏观上说仍然是中性的等离子体区域，称为电离层（刘经南，1999）。由于存在大量的自由电子和正负离子，当卫星信号穿过电离层时，如同其他电磁波一样，信号的路径会发生弯曲，传播速度也会发生变化，从而使得测量所得到的距离就会不等于卫星至接收机间的几何距离，这种偏差叫电离层折射误差。
2.对流层延迟
对流层一般泛指非电离大气对电磁波的折射。非电离大气包括对流层和平流层，是高度为50km以下的大气层部分。对流层靠近地表面，容易从地面获得辐射能量，使其温度随高度的上升而降低，当GPS或GLONASS卫星信号通过对流层时，传播的路径会发生弯曲，从而使测量的距离产生偏差，这种偏差叫对流层折射误差。对流层的折射率在很大程度上受到大气压力、温度和湿度的影响。在大气正常状态下，天顶方向干分量延迟约占整个对流层延迟的90%。湿分量的影响比干分量的影响要小得多，约占整个流层误差的10%。由于对流层折射对GPS和GLONASS信号传播的影响情况比较复杂，一般采用对流层误差改正模型来进行减弱。对流层改正模型通常是对天顶方向的对流层干湿分量分别进行建模，然后使用一个投影函数将其投影到卫星与测站连线的方向上。
3.多路径
在GPS或GLONASS测量中，如果测站周围的反射物所反射的卫星信号（反射波）进入接收机天线，这将和直接来自卫星的信号（直接波）产生干涉，从而使观测值偏离真值，这种由于反射信号所引起的观测值误差叫多路径误差。理论上，对测码伪距而言多路径误差最大为近似码长的一半，也就是对GPS C/A码的多路径误差最大可达150m，对P(Y)码的多路径误差最大可达15m。削弱多路径的方法有很多，大致可分为以下几种：
1) 选择合适的站址。在选择测站时，应远离大面积平静的水面，远离高层建筑物，测站也不宜选择在山坡、山谷和盆地中。灌木丛、草、其它地面植被、翻耕后的土地以及其他粗糙不平的地面能较好的吸收微波信号的能量，是较为理想的设站地址。
2) 选择合适的天线。选择能抑制多路径的高质量的天线。为了减弱多路径误差，天线下应配置抑径板或者选择扼流圈(choke-ring)天线。
3) 选择合适的接收机。选择能抑制多路径效应影响的接收机，例如选择采用窄相关技术的接收机。
4) 通过估计方法减轻多路径误差。在计算时，过滤掉低高度角卫星的观测数据，因为低高度角的卫星信号更容易产生多路径效应。在利用测码伪距观测值进行定位时，使用长时间的观测数据，对定位结果进行平滑处理，也可以有效的减弱多路径效应的影响。另外通过一些估计方法像半参数法等也可以减弱多路径误差的影响。
4.卫星轨道和钟误差
卫星轨道误差是指卫星星历所表示的卫星轨道和真正的卫星轨道之间的偏差值。轨道误差主要受到跟踪网的规模、跟踪方法、跟踪站的分布、以及轨道计算的数学模型等因素影响。卫星星历用来提供卫星运动轨道的信息。它可以分为预报星历和后处理星历。预报星历又叫广播星历，它是由地面监控站根据对卫星跟踪测得的轨道外推计算得到的。由于受到诸如跟踪站站址坐标误差，观测误差，计算模型误差，预报误差等各种误差的影响，广播星历也不可避免存在误差。卫星钟的钟差包括由钟差、频偏和频漂等产生的误差，也包含了钟的随机误差。在GPS测量中，无论是码相位观测或载波相位观测，均要求卫星钟和接收机钟保持严格同步。尽管GPS卫星上安装有高精度的原子钟（铷钟和铯钟），但与GPS系统时间之间还是存在着偏差和漂移。这些偏差的总量在1ms以内，由此引起的等效距离误差约为300km。
5.接收机钟差
GPS接收机一般采用高精度的石英钟，其稳定度约为10-9。若接收机与卫星钟间同步差为1μs，其等效距离约为300m。接收机钟差可用下面的方法进行处理：利用单点定位的方式，把每个观测历元接收机钟差当作一个独立的未知参数，估计参数有接收机钟差和测站坐标，在数据处理中一并求解；认为各观测时刻的接收机钟差之间是相关的，将接收机钟差表示为时间多项式，并在观测量的平差计算中求解多项式的系数。同时，也可以作为白噪声处理，白噪声比多项式更为逼真地描写钟差行为；通过在卫星间求一次差来消除接收机的钟差。即在每一个历元，选一颗卫星为参考星，其它卫星与参考星进行卫星间观测值相减作一次差分。
总之，标准单点定位是目前GPS界的一个研究热点，本文围绕标准单点定位的数据处理这一中心，对标准单点定位的主要误差源和改正模型进行了一定的研究。计算结果表明，标准单点定位精度为米级，气解算可满足对导航定位精度要求不高的一般用户需要，若对一些其他误差加以考虑，则可以进一步提高定位精度。
参考文献：
[1] 乔仰文,赵长胜,夏春林等.GPS卫星定位原理及其在测绘中的应用[M].教育科学出版社,2003.
【关键词】单片机；485总线；232总线；IC卡；自动抄收
单片机在消费电子、自动化仪表、工业控制等领域已得到了广泛的应用，它以灵活的设计、低廉的成本、微小的功耗在电子器件市场中占有十分重要的地位。今天越来越多的芯片厂商在不遗余力地竞争这个应用空间。如INTEL，MICROCHIP，NEC，ATMEL等公司都已形成了自己强大的产品线，给产品的设计带来了越来越多的选择。
1.系统功能及各部件特点描述
本系统主要有以下几个部分组成：电脑、城市电话网、数据管理机、传输总线、单元转发器及可扩展单元转发器、计量表。在这些组成中，单元转发器是整个系统的核心，它起着水、电及气表的抄收工作，并将抄收的数据通过485总线传送到与数据管理机相联的电脑上或者通过数据管理机将数据通过公共电话网传送到远程的管理电脑上。电脑有一套与抄收系统相适应的管理软件，能实现远程抄收、设置等工作。
1.1 单元转发器
单元转发器是实现数据抄收的主要设备，它主要装在小区内的楼道内，通过数据线与每一户内的水、电及气表相联，实时监控每个表的运行状态并完成数据抄收，主要有以下功能：
（1）单元转发器最大数据采集量为30块计量表，内置蓄电池，断电后可连续工作240小时。
（2）单元转发器上具有大屏幕LCD显示，可实时显示每只计量表的读数、时间、状态便于人工查询。
（3）单元转发器上带有操作键盘，可直接在转发器上进行系统设定等各项操作。
（4）单元转发器有记忆卡插口、记忆卡既可以作为管理体人员的身份识别卡，又是可作为人工抄表的数据存储卡，每张记忆卡可存储16000只表的数据。
（5）单元转发器上有专线接口，连接小区和数据管理机，实现数据自动远传和管理。
1.2 数据管理机
数据管理机是安装在小区物业处的设备，它是系统中远传的重要通讯设备，主要有以下特点：
数据管理机设置两个外接插口：A接口与计算机连接，实现水、电、气数据的统计、金额计算和打印；每台数据管理机最大容量可接16万台单元转发器；若需要将水、电、气三表数据远传到自来水公司、电业局、燃气公司，用一条市话专线与B接口连接，就可实行数据自动远传。
1.3 可扩展单元转发器
可扩展单元转发器与单元转发器相比，只是内部多了一块扩充电路板。由于单元转发器之间及转发器与数据管理机之间通过485总线相联，而485总线器件在设计上只允许每个网段上面挂接不超过32个设备且在小区环境下每个多段的传输距离以不超过1000米为佳，为了适应小区的传输距离及多住户小区的多用户的特点，所以用扩充电路板将各个网段隔开，以扩充整个网络的传输距离与设备的挂接数量。
1.4 管理软件
（1）微机系统
由586以上微机、调制解调器，IC卡读写器及专用票据打印机组成。
（2）软件环境
中文Window95/98操作系统。
（3）软件编制
前端平台……采用DELPHI开发；
后端平台……采用ACCESS数据库；
数据采集控制采用MCS-51系列单片机系统开发。
（4）微机显示界面及操作
界面友好、功能完善、操作简便、交互性强。系统分为：信息查询、统计输出、远端维护、系统设置和帮助五大功能。每个功能又具体细分为多个小功能，各功能模块清晰、独立性强、无互相干扰。
2.系统设计中主要应用的技术特点
2.1 联网技术
借助现达的电话网络及优良可靠低廉的网络设备实现了整个城市的数据中心----小区管理处----用户的三级联网，并通过分级编码的方式实现了对小区及用户和表具的层层编码，使得网络结构清晰，系统容量大。也克服了一些网络对外部条件的苛刻要求，使只要有公共电话网连到的地方就能实现联网及实时监控。
（1）小区内单元转发器、数据管理机及扩充板之间采用总线制连接方式
小区内单元转发器之间及转发器与数据管理机之间采用485总线的方式相互连接，并利用扩展板对总线的容量及距离进行扩充，克服了传统的类比系统布线复杂的缺点，并且降低了线缆的敷设成本。
（2）星形联网与总线联网相结合
在城市数据采集中心与小区物业处之间采用星形组网方式，媒介为公共电话网，这样不仅充分利用了公共设施，也能尽量减少了本系统的成本；在小区物业处与各转发器之间采用485总线的方式，这样不仅克服了恶劣的信号传输环境，也降低了线缆铺设成本；在单元转发器与表具之间采用星形连接，让每个表具直接通过线路连接到单元转发器上，这样克服了表具之间相互干扰保证了网络的稳定性，同时也适应不同的表具排列方式。通过这种不同网段采用不同的联网方式的特点，不仅能保证了系统的稳定运行，而且也解决了庞大的编码系统，使得小区代码—楼道代码—用户代码的编码方式更加直接简单。
2.2 通讯控制
（1）电脑联网接口采用标准RS-232接口芯片。
（2）数据管理机通过公共电话网PSTN远程与电脑联网。
（3）电脑通过MODEM与远程的数据管理机采用DTMF信号进行通讯及传输指令。
（4）控制信令传输，容易受周围环境干扰，为提高控制的可靠性，采用了信令多次比较校验及自动请求重发（ARQ）等技术来提高控制的可靠性。
3.硬件电路分析与软件流程分析
3.1 数据管理机硬件电路分析与软件流程分析
数据管理机硬件电路见附图fig2所示。
（1）数据管理机在系统中的作用介绍
管理管理机在抄表系统中的作用是协调远程计算机和本地计算机对网络的控制权，并进行RS232与RS485之间电平转换。结构示意图如图1。
（2）数据管理机用到的IC及其介绍
数据管理机的电路原理图如fig2所示。在本产品中，用了2个max232通讯芯片、2个microchip公司出品的单片机：PIC16C54（U2）及PIC16C73（U1）、1个电子开关：4066（U5）、一个485通讯芯片：65LBC184（U6）及一个实时时钟芯片（U7）：PCF8583。
（3）数据管理机工作原理
J1连接本地计算机的串行接口，J2连接MODEM通过电话线与远程计算机连接。平常状态下，本地计算机具有485总线控制权，可以直接与总线上的设备进行通信。当远程拨号连接或自动拨号时，U1将控制4066切换通信线路，并无效本地计算机的CTS信号，这样，本地计算机让出总线，由远程计算机控制总线，实现远程抄表。U2的作用是控制485接口芯片U6的通信方向，完成485与TTL电平转换，U3，U4完成TTL电平与232电平转换，从而实现485与232的电平转换。U1是主控制芯片，协调整个系统工作。U7是实时时钟芯片，也存放着自动拨号的设置数据。
3.2 单元转发器功能介绍
单元转发器是整个系统中的核心设备，它担负三表（水、电、气表）的数据采集、显示、设置、数据抄收及将数据传送到数据管理机等任务。单元转发器将数据从表上采集到后，管理人员可以直接用IC卡从单元转发器上收集采集到的数据，也可以通过数据管理机远程读取采集到的数据。在电路上，我们将它设计成三个部分：数据采集部分（采集板），权限设置、功能设置及数据读取部分（本地用IC卡读取）（显示板），数据通讯部分（通讯板）。根据需要，为了扩展采集表的数据及传输距离，还可根据需要增加扩展功能部分（扩展板）。
3.3 数据采集部分（采集板）
采集板为单元转发器产品上的一个子功能板，它的主要功能将单元转发器外联的表具的数据实时采集并存储在存储器内。采集板上共有三颗IC：PIC16C73、24WC08、DS1307。其中PIC16C73为采集板的主控芯片；24WC08为1024bytes的E2PROM，DS1307为实时时钟芯片，内有64bytes的RAM。
A、转发器与计量表的连接
转发器底部共有10个出线孔，从左往右1、2、3……10，其中第2孔至第9孔，每组为8条不同颜色的线。每相临两组颜色相同的线为一对。第1孔出线为8根，出线的颜色分别为两红、两黑、一白、一蓝、一绿、一黄，其中白、蓝两色线接变压器输出端，两红、两黑待转发器通电后对接（红对红、黑对黑），绿黄两线为信号通讯线。
B、水表、燃气表接线表
水表和燃气表可以共用同一个转发器，每个转发器最多可接30个双干簧管的水表或燃气表，这30个表可分为4组，每组分别为8个、8个、8个和6个表。每个表上有3条线，其中1条是公共线，2条是信号线。
3.4 人机交互部分（显示板）
显示板是本机中人机交互的部分，主要有以下功能：
本机中的显示部分采用128*64点阵的LCD显示器，它用来显示操作所需要的所有信息。键盘输入功能：
由于本机可以在单元转发器上查询每个表的数据、抄表等功能，本机设计了20个按键。
IC卡抄收功能：
本机在设计上允许抄表员通过不同权限的IC来抄表，所以将这部分的功能全部集中到显示板上来控制。
3.5 通讯扩展板的设计
由于单元转发器之间是通过485总线进行通讯的，所有的转发器与数据管理机都是挂在485总线上的，而根据485总线的定义及小区的实际物理条件，每一段485总线最多只能挂不超过32个设备，且每段总线不能超过1000米。如果一个小区有不超过31个楼梯，而每个楼梯可以用一台转发器进行采集，并且小区最长的距离不超过1000米，那么就不需要对总线进行扩展。但随着城市建设的高速发展，住宅小区向大型化发展，小区的楼房越来越多。根据调查，目前在中等城市的住宅小区有很多都超过3000户，而小区的最长距离超过3000米。为适应这种需求，我们就要在设计上在距离及用户数量方面进行扩充。目前最经济的办法就是直接对485总线进行扩展。通讯扩展板就是为此而设计的，在应用上，可以根据需要将通讯扩展板置入某一台单元转发器中，对总线进行容量及距离上的扩展。
4.总结
城市水、电及煤气表自动抄收系统是随着城市的发展及人们对节能环保越来越重视的背景下发展起来的一种新型三表自动抄收方式，它不仅解决了繁杂的抄表工作，而且还能根据节能环保的要求进行分时段计费，并能根据要求实时对整个用电、水及气网进行监控，为我国推行分时计费及节能减排提供了技术上的保证。作者根据自己的工作实践经验，结合单片机的特点，在此提出一种利用单片机设计水、电及气表自动抄收系统的原理及其实现方法。
参考文献
各位老师，大家好！很荣幸能够有机会在这里与大家进行交流，今天我与大家分享的是单元整体目标下的对话课教学，今天我结合自己的教学实践与理解与大家谈谈我对对话课教学的一些浅薄的认识。在我们PEP教材中，对话占有较大的篇幅，它不仅仅体现在我们Let’s talk部分中，在我们的Let’s learn、Let’s read中，也可以看到它的身影。实际上，我们的英语课，从课的一开始老师便以对话的形式和学生进行交流，不管是单词教学也好，阅读教学也好，应该说我们无时无刻都在进行着对话，只是我们每堂课的教学侧重点不同而已。那么，一节对话课的结构是什么样的呢？首先让我们一起再来深入的认识一下对话课。（切换1）
对话课一般是由一段对话和一个任务型活动组成的。对话课的教学用途就是让学生在生活中能用英语做事情，能与别人自由交际。对话课的教学目的是通过课堂教学培养学生说的能力，提高会话技巧，培养学生初步运用英语进行交际的能力。那么它的教学重心就是培养学生的交际能力。那么我们来看看新课程标准对对话课提出了哪些具体要求呢？（切换2）
义务教育阶段英语课程的总目标提出：通过英语学习使学生形成初步的综合语言运用能力，促进心智发展，提高综合人文素养。课程的基本理念：第2点指出“面向全体学生，关注语言学习者的不同特点和个体差异。”第4点指出“强调学习过程，重视语言学习的实践性和应用性。” 那么我们对话课的设计及教学就要围绕着新课标的要求来展开，通过我们的活动设计达成培养学生用英语进行交际的目标。（切换三）
英语对话课的教学模式一般为：多元导入引入话题——创设情境 展开话题——运用话题 多维操练——总结评价 巩固提升几个步骤，下面我们就这几个步骤的具体操作来进行交流。（切换四）
首先第一步多元导入，引入话题。俗话说兴趣是最好的老师。所以这一部分的目的主要是创设英语学习氛围，激发学生的学习兴趣，以旧带新，为新课学习做准备。在形式的选择上，力求生动、活泼、新颖，学生乐于参与。但我们不管选用哪一种形式，我们要以单元总体目标位基础，我们教材中的对话基本上以单元为整体，一个单元一个内容，每个单元中的几篇课文都是相互联系着的，所以我们的对话课是在单元总体目标的前提下开展的，单元总体目标的把握要精准，为此，每上一堂新课之前，我们应该先考虑如何以旧带新，用旧知识为本课新授内容作一个铺垫，或者有意识地为学生创造一个良好的语言环境，让学生通过情景表演自然而然地过渡到新授内容上。下面我就给大家介绍几种常见的导入方式。（切换五）
1.直接导入 可以帮助学生头脑中系统的知识构建的形成，起到为后续教学环节做铺垫的作用。除了我们已经熟知的幻灯片、实物以及卡片外，还可以利用现有或自编的chant来直接导入新课。例如，在讲授四年级上册unit3 partA Let’s talk的时候，我就直接用了一个自编的chant进行导入，tall tall tall, He is tall; short short short,she is short;cute cute cute,she is cute;quiet quiet quiet,he is quiet.这个chant简单易学，并把学生以前的知识储备调动出来，为本节课的学习奠定基础。（切换六）
2.游戏导入 单一的直接导入一直到底，学生必然会由新奇到习惯，由习惯到不以为然。此时我们可以参考TPR教学法，变换导入形式，让孩子的多项器官协调起来，以培养他们积极的学习态度。 例如，教授四年级上册unit3 partB Let’s talk的时候，我就采取了游戏导入法。首先我用照片遮挡的形式让学生运用前面所学内容猜测照片中的人物，然后让学生进行描述，其他同学猜测的方式进行游戏。孩子们的积极性很高，不仅复习了前边的内容，也将他们的学习兴趣充分调动起来。（切换七）
3.情景导入 以一定的教学情境为切入点，使学生在一个真实或虚拟的情境中进行交际、交流，培养开放型思维，以利于学生能够形成用英语进行简单日常交流的能力。而英语的交际功能又是在一定的语言情境中体现的。例如，在教授unit2 partB Let’s talk的时候，我将自己的铅笔盒和学生的铅笔盒混在一起，创设铅笔盒找不到的情景，学生通过询问我一些小问题，帮我找到铅笔盒的情景进行引入，基础好些的同学通过What’s in your classroom 能够问出What’s in your pencil box 基础差一些的同学也会问Is it big 等问题，孩子们开动脑筋，把自己学过的知识尽可能的拿出来用，这也形成了一个简单的交际话题。 （切换八）
4.多媒体导入 多媒体是目前教学中大家普遍采用的一种教学手段。由于多媒体具有集图形、声音、动作、板书于一身的特点，所以对于生性好动的小学生而言，多媒体教学可以激发他们耳、眼、口、脑器官整合。而且多媒体也比较能够体现教学内容的逻辑承接关系。（切换九）
5.歌曲导入
英文歌曲是一种很能活跃课堂气氛的教学形式。有的单元的教学内容的导入采用歌曲会收到很好的效果。例如，Unit6第一课时，我们就可以用Mummy finger这首歌进行导入，节奏明快，而且还能复习家庭成员的称呼。
导入的方式多种多样，我们可以根据具体的课型需求，设计不同的导入方式，但不管选用哪种导入方式我们要切忌拖泥带水，浪费时间。（切换十）
下面我们来看第二个环节创设情境，展开对话。人类学家马林斯诺指出：如果没有语言情景，词就没有意义，也不能代表什么。因此，词语也只有在情景语境中才能产生意义。同样，对话亦是如此。对话是在一定情景下的习惯性语言，脱离了情景，对话也就失去了意义。在教学中，我们虽然不可能将真实的生活情景搬入课堂，但能模拟真实情景，创设接近生活的真实语言环境，这有利于学生理解和掌握对话内容。在处理文本的时候我们一般会采用从整体到部分然后再到整体，或者从部分到整体的处理方式，那么在这里，我主要对第一种方式，结合四年级下册Unit3 Weather PartB Let’s talk一课进行说明。（切换十一）
在这节课的设计中，我直接向同学们介绍了Chen Jie的朋友Mark，然后抛出问题What are they talking about 第一次播放录音，让学生整体感知课文，了解文章大意。然后再次进行提问What’s the weather like in New York 第二次播放录音，着重分段理解课文。最后继续追问How about Bei Jing 学生根据课文内容进行回答。学生对这个问题理解之后，我马上对前两个句型进行操练，在这里进行了本节课的第一次小组合作——小组对学，用他们事先准备好的卡片进行问答练习，这样不仅理解了本课的句型，也进一步让学生掌握了该句型。三次的课文录音，让学生从整体到部分详细理解了课文，重点句型的操练让学生本课的内容从熟悉到熟练逐步掌握，为之后的运用打下良好的基础。
在这一环节中，我们要针对对话中出现的新语言点，把握好重难点，针对重难点句子创造接近学生真实生活的语言情境，来帮助学生理解和掌握对话内容，加深记忆。（切换十二）
第三个环节运用话题，多维操练。每一模块都有一个鲜明的语言功能，话题和任务。教师在呈现目标语句后，需要采用多种方式练习句型。一般情况下，目标语是必须要达成的重点任务，其他支撑语可根据学生的实际水平灵活处理。在这一环节，教师要做到灵活驾驭教材，要创造性的使用教材，做到用教材教而不是单纯地教教材。在这里我给大家介绍几种常见的操练方式。（切换十三）
1、在表演中操练对话。
学生是天生的表演“艺术家”。教师为学生创设一定的情境后，鼓励学生扮演情境中某一人物，使其兴致勃勃地进入学习境界，在特定的情境中操练和运用所学对话，从而避免句型操练的单一和枯燥。例如对于低中年级的学生，教师可根据课文人物制作头像，让学生扮演文中的人物，练习课文对话。而对于小学高年级的学生则可以让他们充分发挥，表演对话内容。比如表演结识新友或看医生、借东西、问路等，帮助学生理解对话内容，激发他们内在的表达欲望，达到操练对话的目的。在Weather这一课的处理上，我就让学生扮演课文中的角色，练习对话，通过人与电脑的角色对话，学生与学生之间的角色转换，来达到练习对话的目的。（切换十四）
2、在游戏中操练对话。
好动、好玩是孩子们的天性，我们可充分利用这一心理特点，在英语对话操练中，适当运用英语游戏，不仅可以缓和课堂教学的紧张气氛，还有助于消除学生的疲劳。另外，又可以使学生在饶有兴趣的游戏中积极思维，掌握知识，并能使每个学生都参与进来，令课堂气氛热烈，大大激发学生学习英语的兴趣。（切换十五）
3、情景活动操练
“生活化”这一设计理念在我们的对话课设计过程中是十分重要的。语言的运用离不开实际生活，人类学家马林斯诺指出：“如果没有语言情景，词就没有意义，也不能代表什么。因此词语也只有在情景语境中才能产生意义。”同样，对话也是如此。我们也可以从学生的认知水平和生活经验出发，设计情景化的拓展操练活动，情境创设要真实有效，贴近生活。我们可以利用实物、模型、简笔画和多媒体课件等创设尽可能真实的直观交际情景，使学生如同身临其境。（切换十六）
4、任务型活动操练
任务型活动是以具体的任务为操练动力或动机，以完成任务的过程为操练的过程，它为学生提供了很大的实践空间，能很好的发挥学生的主动性，任务型活动以人为本，以应用为动力，以应用为目的，以应用为核心，使对话中的语言知识真正得到学以至用。任务型活动是我们在拓展操练中常用的一种有效的操练活动，我们教师围绕对话中的交际目的和语言项目，设计出具有明确目标和可操作性的任务化的操练活动让学生参与。例如，在讲授四年级上册Unit1 PartB Let’s talk的时候，我就设计了一个开展大扫除的任务活动，让学生具体参与到分配打扫任务的活动中来，在活动中练习和运用本单元所学的语言知识。
在操练环节，我建议大家要充分发挥小组合作的作用，我们可以通过小组对学，三人活动，小组群学等不同的小组合作方式，设计不同梯度的操练内容，在激发学生参与性的同时，保持学生浓厚的学习兴趣，让学生在轻松而愉快的氛围中掌握本节课的内容。（切换十七）
第四个环节总结评价，巩固提升。该环节中老师拓展交际对话情景，努力创造接近生活的轻松的课堂环境，让师生互动、生生互动的对话演绎得以实现，并对本堂课内容进行小结，评出优胜小组等。从而激发学生学习兴趣，增强学生学习英语的信心，进一步强化学生的英语交际能力。例如，在讲Weather一课时，在巩固提升这一环节，我就设计了一个去旅行，然后介绍当地天气情况，并打电话与同伴交流的小组活动。首先由老师和三位同学进行对话展示，给学生一个示范，然后学生以小组为单位展开活动，最后根据小组展示情况，评选出优胜小组，并给予加分奖励。学生的积极性很高，小组加分也刺激了学生的学习兴趣，进一步培养了学生的英语交际能力。（切换十八）
一､ 词汇(10分)
A) 根据句意及首字母提示,写出空白处所缺的单词｡
1. This morning I o______ , so I was late for school.
2. By the time I got to school, the bell had already r______ .
3. My alarm clock didn’t g______off yesterday.
4. A friend once invited me to a c______party.
5. What happened to Dave on April F______Day?
B) 根据括号内的汉语提示,写出空白处所缺的单词｡
6. The policeman asked me to______(描述) what the thief was like?
7. What he said to us was very______(令人信服的).
8. He was very______(窘迫的) because he didn’t answer the question correctly.
9. One of my ______ (亲戚) came to my house last night.
10. Before the earthquake happened, thousands of people______(逃离)from their homes.
二､ 单项选择(10分)
1. When I______ the railway station, the train______.
A. arrived; had left B. got to; left
C. reached; had left D. arrived at; left
2. ―I am sorry I______ your dictionary on the sofa.
―Please don’t forget______ it here tomorrow.
A. forgot; to bring B. left; to bring
C. forgot; to take D. left; take
3. ―Did you come to work on foot this morning?
―I came here______ my father’s car.
A. in B. by C. with D. for
4. ―When did your uncle______ Shanghai?
―Last night.
A. arrived in B. got to C. reach D. arrive
5. It’s difficult for her to succeed, but we hope she can______it.
A. finish B. make C. get D. do
6. He said he______ to London for four times.
A. has been B. has gone C. had been D. had gone
7. ―We never know______ the old man is.
―They say he is a teacher.
A. what B. how C. where D. which
8. Do you know where John is? He was going to meet me earlier, but he didn’t______.
A. stay up B. show up C. put up D. give up
9. The problem is______hard______no one can work it out.
A. too; to B. very; that C. such; that D. so; that
10. The color of her skirt is different from______ of mine.
A. it B. that C. this D. one
三､ 动词填空(10分)用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空｡
1. My mother______(cook) when I got home yesterday.
2. There______(be) an English party next Friday.
3. By the time the policeman came, the robber______(run) away.
4. I______(live) in Hefei since I______(move) to China 3 years ago.
5. He said that he______(see) the film for three times.
6. Look, the children______(play) soccer in the park.
7. My father often______(watch) TV on Sunday, but he______(visit) Uncle John next Sunday.
8. When I got there, he______(drink) three bottles of beer.
9. Before he came to Beijing, he______(teach) English for 5 years in his hometown.
10. We______(plant) two thousand trees by the end of last year.
四､ 汉译英(20分)根据汉语句子,完成英语句子｡每空限填一词｡
1. ―你怎么了?__________ ________to you?
―我睡过头了｡ I______ this morning.
2. 当我到学校时, 我意识到我把作业忘在家中了｡
When I_________ _________school, I______ I__________ ________my homework at home.
3. 当她走进教室时,铃已经响了｡
_______ _________ ________ she walked into the classroom, the______ had______.
4. 我上学从来不迟到｡
I’ve________ _________ ________ _____school.
5. 我的闹钟不响了｡
My______ clock didn’t______ ______.
6. 我必须等他出来｡
I have to_________ _________him to_____ _______.
7. 昨天我的朋友从旁边经过, 让我搭了便车｡
Yesterday my friends________ __________ and______ me____________.
8. 上一个星期天我整夜没睡｡在星期一我非常疲惫｡
Last Sunday I__________ ________ the whole night. On Monday I__________ ________.
9. 他讲话如此令人信服以致于数百人都相信了这个故事｡
What he said was______ convincing__________ _______ _______people believed the story.
10. 路上我们的汽车坏了两次｡
Our car________ __________twice______ the way.
五､ 单句改错(10分)从A､B､C､D中找出错项并加以改正｡
1. Could you tell me how long you have bought the book?
A
B
C
D
2. Invite a famous singer to my show is the most important thing I must do now.
A
B
C
D
3. This dish smells so terribly that I won’t order it.
A
B
C
D
4. The tickets which you booked will send to you in an hour.
A
B
C
D
5. We happened to see Susan pass by with her new car just now.
A
B
C
D
6. I wonder why are you so exhausted.
A
B
C
D
7. On April Fool’s Day, he asked his girlfriend to marry with him.
A
B
C
D
8. You’d better get dress for the coming party.
A
B
C
D
9. I won’t forget the bag in the hotel if you call me up in time.
A
B
C
D
10. By the time you left school, he had begun his own company.
A
B
C
D
六､ 完形填空(10分)
Richard found work in a big office after he had finished college. He liked to use his 1 and was good at his work. So he was often paid more than his workmates and he worked 2 . But something was wrong with the young man one month. He couldn’t fall 3 at night. So he was always 4 in the daytime and often made mistakes. He had to go to a hospital. The 5 looked him over and told him to buy some highly effective sleeping pills. He took them 6 he went to bed. Soon after that he went to sleep. Richard 7 in the morning, he had a look at the clock on the wall. It was a quarter to seven. He got up and went to work after 8 . As soon as he went in the office, he said to the head of the office, “Good morning, Mr Clarke! I’ve 9 had a good sleep like last night’s. And I’m feeling much better now!”
“Skunk(混蛋)!” the head 10 loudly. “We’ve looked for you for two days! I wanted you to do something important, but it’s too late now!”
1. A. hand B. head C. ear D. nose
2. A. hard B. fast C. harder D. faster
3. A. asleep B. alone C. afraid D. behind
4. A. well B. hungry C. thirsty D. tired
5. A. doctor B. policeman C. driver D. nurse
6. A. after B. since C. before D. because
7. A. stood up B. woke up C. stayed up D. lay down
8. A. meal B. dinner C. party D. breakfast
9. A. always B. usually C. never D. often
10. A. laughed B. shouted C. smiled D. asked
七､ 阅读理解(20分)
(A)
Visit Forest Zoo. Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from Northeast of China. The beautiful birds from England are ready to sing songs for you, and the monkeys from Mount Emei will be happy to talk to you. The lovely dogs from Australia want to laugh at you. Sichuan pandas will play balls for you. The giraffes from Africa are waiting to look down on you.
Tickets Opening time
Grown-ups(成人):￥3 9:00 a.m.～4:00 p.m.
Children: Over 1.4m: ￥2 except Friday
Under 1.4m: Free 10:00 a.m.～3:00 p.m.
Keep the zoo clean!
Do not touch, give food or go near to the animals.
1. Why does the writer introduce so many animals from different places to us?
A. Because the writer wants to frighten us in the zoo.
B. Because the writer wants to make us lovely in the zoo.
C. Because the writer wants to attract us to the zoo.
D. Because the writer wants to show us that animals can do everything.
2. How much does Mr Smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his son of three?
A. ￥3. B. ￥4. C. ￥5. D. ￥6.
3. We can visit the zoo at______.
A. 8:30 a.m. Wednesday B. 9:30 a.m. Friday
C. 3:00 p.m. Sunday D. 5:00 p.m. Tuesday
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. We can spit(吐痰) everywhere.
B. We can throw things everywhere.
C. We should keep the zoo clean.
D. We can play with the animals.
5. From the passage we can infer(推断) a giraffe must be a very______ animal.
A. fat B. short C. strong D. tall
(B)
Last week, 169 Junior 1 students at No. 35 Middle School of Shenyang took their first no-teacher exam. After the teacher handed out the exam papers, he left the room and never came back. A student collected in the papers when the exam ended.
“That test was not only a test of knowledge, but also a test of moral(道德). We wanted to show students how important honesty(诚实) is,” said Cai Wenguo, the school’s headmaster. The school says no cheating(作弊) happened in the test. Next year, it wants 80% of its exams to be without teachers. But the students have different ideas.
“I was happy and excited during the exam because my teachers trusted(信任) me,” said Lang Yudan, a 13-year-old girl in Class 11.
“Schools must trust students a lot not to use invigilators(监考人). But I think it is too early. Some students will cheat if there are no invigilators. And the students will not be able to ask for help when needed,” said Hua Sha.
“I don’t like having invigilators in exams. When they walk around the classroom, they make me nervous. I would get higher marks without them in the room because I would feel more relaxed,” Liu Qingxi said.
“I think it’s very important to have invigilators in exams. Many students want to check their answers with each other after they have finished their papers. And they can also keep the classroom in order when something unusual happens. They may make me nervous, but I still think we need them,” Shangguan Yuan said.
Not using invigilators may be a good idea. But before using it, schools must tell students the importance of honesty and try to find ways to solve unusual problems in exams.
6. The passage mainly talks about______.
A. how to pass an exam
B. how to make students honest
C. whether there is cheating in exams
D. whether invigilators are needed in exams
7. No. 35 Middle School of Shenyang held ano-teacher exam to______.
A. let the students have a good rest
B. teach the students in a better way
C. help all the students pass the exam
D. find whether the students were honest
8. From what the students have said, we know______.
A. invigilators really help them a lot
B. all of them think it is a good idea
C. something unusual never happens in exams
D. not all of them agree with the headmaster
9. What does Hua Sha think about no-teacher exams?
A. It’s a good idea to have no-teacher exams but something must be done first.
B. If there are no invigilators, the students will certainly get lower marks.
C. Exams without invigilators will never be held since students are not honest.
D. She thinks it’s the best way to show that schools trust their students a lot.
10. The underlined word “they” in the passage refers to “______ ”.
A. students B. headmasters C. invigilators D. school
八､ 书面表达(10分)
请讲述你最倒霉的一天｡
参考词语: watch TV, alarm clock, go off, wake up, run to the bus stop, get to school, realize, leave, remember, go home
Unit 11
一､ 词汇(10分)
A) 根据句意和括号内的汉语提示,写出空白处所缺的单词｡
1. When is it______(安全的) to cross the road?
2. Would you please not______(停车) your car here?
3. I______(想知道) why she isn’t happy today.
4. He______(借) his bike to me yesterday.
5. The______(杂货店) is across from the post office.
B) 根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空｡
6. “Could you please make room for the old woman, young man?” said the conductor______(polite).
7. There were many people on the bus, so it was very______(crowd).
8. He told us a very______(interest) story a moment ago.
9. Taiwan Island is the______(large) island of the three.
10. His bad health is a great______(advantage) for him to get a well-paid job.
二､ 单项选择(15分)
1.______ right and you will find the furniture store on your left.
A. Turn B. Turning C. To turn D. If you turn
2. I didn’t know______.
A. if he has been to England
B. where did he come from
C. when will he have a birthday party
D. why he was late
3. She seems to prefer______ soap operas to______ to me.
A. watch; talk B. watching; talking
C. to watch; talks D. watches; talked
4.______ is also for fun to watch people play chess.
A. It B. This C. That D. One
5. There is always______ in the mall.
A. something happening B. happening something
C. something to happen D. to happen something
6. He was the first______there.
A. to arrive at B. to get to C. to arrive D. reach
7. Don’t______ late in the night with those bad young men. Your parents will worry about you.
A. take out B. hang out C. carry out D. put out
8. ―Where were you when the accident happened?
―I was______ Uncle John’s.
A. in B. on C. for D. at
9. Mr Brown dressed up______ Father Christmas on Christmas Day.
A. for B. in C. as D. like
10. We don’t know if it______ tomorrow. If it______, we will go skating.
A. will snow; snows B. will snow; will snow
C. snows; will snow D. snows; snows
三､ 完形填空(10分)
Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your 1 into it. When you are in 2 at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good 3 of your life and your health; when you get 4 , your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something 5 , people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your 6 . If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always 7 you.
Happiness is not 8 money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more 9 to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转的) door. When it 10 , it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
1. A. heart B. hand C. head D. feet
2. A. pupils B. trouble C. room D. office
3. A. friendship B. knowledge C. out D. care
4. A. beaten B. punishment C. failure D. success
5. A. wrong B. right C. badly D. worse
6. A. teachers B. happiness C. friends D. parents
7. A. with B. between C. around D. among
8. A. the same B. a same as
C. the same as D. as same as
9. A. problem B. trouble C. difficulty D. chances
10. A. is asked B. offers C. closes D. is given
四､ 阅读理解(20分)
(A)
The story told to all American children about honesty is about the cherry tree that President George Washington cut when he was a boy. In China, every child knows the story of Lei Feng, the young soldier who helped others and was very honest. The stories of George Washington and Lei Feng help us understand the importance of being honest.
Every teacher wants his or her students to be honest. If every student can be honest in their childhood, they will be honest when they grow up. The country will then be known as an honest country and it will be respected by everyone.
Usually, it is the father and the mother who give the first lesson of honesty. George Washington learned honesty from his father.
A favourite Chinese story is about a young man who went to the market to buy food for his mother. There was a very young girl selling flowers in the market. The young man stole one flower when the girl served her customers. When he went home, he began to think what he had done. He went back to the market to find the girl. He told her that he was sorry and that he wanted to pay her for the flower. The little girl refused and said, “You do not need to pay for the flower, elder brother. Since you took it, I thought you had a reason to do so, so I did not worry about receiving money for it.” The young man was ashamed that he stole the flower. He could never forget about the importance of being honest.
1. What do we know from the stories of George Washington and Lei Feng?
A. George Washington was the President of America.
B. Lei Feng was a young soldier who helped others.
C. We had heard the stories when we were only children.
D. They help us understand the importance of being honest.
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Teachers want their students to be honest.
B. If every student can be honest in their childhood, they will be honest when they grow up.
C. The little girl received the money that the young man paid for the flower.
D. The young man who stole the flower would never forget about the importance of being honest.
3. Who is the first person to give lessons of honesty to a child?
A. George Washington. B. Lei Feng.
C. His/Her parents. D. His/Her teacher.
4. Why did the little girl refuse to get the young man’s money?
A. Because the young man had realized his mistake.
B. Because her flowers were free.
C. Because she knew the young man well.
D. Because the flowers were very cheap, and she sent one to the young man.
5. What should be the best title of this passage?
A. Honesty
B. Children Should Be Honest
C. The Stories Of George Washington And Lei Feng
D. A Story About Honesty
(B)
Different people have different ideas about time. People in the USA think that it is important to know the time. In cities in America, there are clocks in stations, factories and other buildings. Radio announcers(播音员) give you the correct time during the day. Most Americans also have watches with them wherever they go. They want to do certain things at certain time. They don’t like to be late.
But time is not so important to everybody in the world. When you visit a country in South America(南美洲), you will find that people there don’t like to rush. If you had an appointment(约会)with somebody, he could probably be late, because he may not want to arrive on time.
In South America, even the radio programs may not begin on time. The men on the radio may not think it is important to tell the exact time. People in South America think that clocks or watches are just machines. They think that you let a clock or a watch control(控制) your life if you do everything on time.
6. You can see clocks in stations, factories and other buildings in the USA because______.
A. Americans want to make these places beautiful
B. Americans want to sell these clocks
C. Americans think that it is important to know the time
D. Americans are proud of these clocks
7. Americans don’t want to be late when______.
A. they go to stations, factories or other buildings
B. they do certain things at certain time
C. they are free
D. they go to the films
8. The underlined word “rush” in the passage most probably means
“______ ”.
A. jump B. hurry C. run D. walk
9. If you have an appointment with someone in South America, he may not arrive on time, and this is because______.
A. he doesn’t have a watch
B. he forgets to have a watch with him
C. he doesn’t think it is necessary to arrive on time
D. he doesn’t think the appointment is important
10. In this passage, we can see that time is very important to______.
A. the people in the USA B. the people in South America
C. the people in Canada D. everybody in the world
五､ 汉译英(10分)根据汉语句子,完成英语句子｡每空限填一词｡
1. 他的电脑和我的相同｡
His computer is________________________mine.
2. 超市在书店旁边｡
The supermarket is__________________the bookstore.
3. 今年夏天我打算到中国的南方度假｡
I’m going to________________________in the south of China this summer.
4. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的资金｡
Everything__________________ whether we have enough money.
5. 孩子们在海边玩得很开心｡
The children__________________at the seaside.
六､ 情景交际(15分)根据对话内容,在空白处填上一个适当的词,使对话意思完整､通顺｡
A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the 1 to No. 1 Middle School?
B: Yes, I’m a student there. I’m going to school now. You can follow me.
A: Thank you! I’m new in No. 1 Middle School. My name is Tom. May I know your name?
B: Wang Gang. Why 2 your parents send you to school for the first time?
A: Well, I prefer doing things by myself. However I’m 3 today. You are so helpful. Thank you!
B: It’s a 4 ! We are schoolmates now. 5 you please help me with my English?
A: Certainly! I’m 6 in Chinese. Could you teach me Chinese?
B: Sure! Let’s help each other.
A: Good 7 .
B: By the way, 8 do you like Chinese traditional music?
A: Very much! Erhu, dizi and pipa sound really wonderful.
B: There is going to 9 a Chinese traditional music concert at the Capital Stadium. I’ve got two tickets. Would you like to come with me?
A: 10 love to. Thanks very much!
B: You’re welcome.
七､ 书面表达(20分)
假设你叫王芳,是某电视台英语频道“School English”栏目的忠实观众｡请根据下列信息给该栏目的主持人Cathy写一封英文信,并表达你对这个栏目的良好祝愿｡
优点: 内容丰富（有故事、游戏、英文歌曲等），有利于提高英语水平（词汇量、听说能力）；能了解更多的外国文化。
不足: 语速有点快；每周只播出两次。
要求: 1. 语句通顺,合乎逻辑;
2. 词数:80～100个单词｡信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数｡
December 5, 2006
Dear Cathy,
I like your program very much.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Fang
Key to Unit 10:
一､ 1. overslept2. rung3. go4. costume5. Fool’s6. describe
7. convincing8. embarassed9. relatives10. fled
二､ 1-5 CBACB6-10 CABDB
三､ 1. was cooking2. will be/is going to be3. had run4. have lived, moved5. had seen 6. are playing7. watches, is going to visit8. had drunk9. had taught10. had planted
四､ 1. What, happened, overslept2. got, to, realized, had, left3. By, the, time, bell, rung4. never, been, late, for5. alarm, go, off6. wait, for, come, out7. came, by, gave, a, ride8. stayed, up, was, exhausted9. so, that, hundreds, of10. broke, down, on
五､ 1. D｡ have boughthave had2. A｡ InviteInviting3. B｡ terriblyterrible4. C｡ will sendwill be sent5. D｡ within6. C｡ are youyou are7. D｡ marry withmarry8. B｡ get dressget dressed9. B｡ forgetleave10. C｡ had begunhad started
六､ 1-5 BCADA6-10 CBDCB
七､ 1-5 CACCD6-10 DBDAC
八､ One possible version:
Today is my most unlucky day. I kept on watching an interesting TV play last night and didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. My alarm clock didn’t go off in the morning. By the time I woke up, it had already been 8 o’clock. I dressed myself quickly and ran out to the bus stop without breakfast. But unfortunately, by the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had left. So I had to run to school. When I got to school, I realized I had left my homework at home. At that moment I wanted to run back home to get my homework. I found nobody was in the school. And then I remembered it was Saturday. There was no class on that day. So I had to go home. What a bad day I had!
Key to Unit 11:
一､ 1. safe2. park3. wonder4. lent5. drugstore6. politely
7. crowded8. interesting9. largest10. disadvantage
二､ 1-5 ADBAA6-10 CBDCA
三､ 1-5 ABDDA6-10 BCCDC
四､ 1-5 DCCAA 6-10 CBBCA
五､ 1. the, same, as2. next, to3. take, a, vacation4. depends, on5. had, fun
六､ 1. way2. don’t3. lucky4. pleasure5. Would/Could6. weak
7. idea8. how9. be10. I’d
七､ One possible version:
December 5, 2006
Dear Cathy,
I like your program very much. It has a lot of interesting stories, attractive games and popular English songs. From your program we can learn many new words and expressions. We can improve our listening and speaking in English. We can also know more about the culture of other countries in the world. In a word, we learn a lot from your program.
I’m sorry to tell you that I can’t follow you easily sometimes because you speak a little bit fast. It’s also a pity that we can only watch your program twice a week.
Thank you for giving us a lot of fun! I wish your program a bright future!
单元知识点拨
自我介绍
用英语作自我介绍时, 通常使用“I am + 姓名”或“My name is + 姓名”句式｡例如:
Hello! I’m Mary.(=Hello!My name is Mary.) 大家好!我是玛丽｡
询问他人姓名
1. 用英语询问他人姓名时,通常使用“What’s your name?”,答语通常为“My name is + 姓名”｡例如:
―What’s your name, please? 你叫什么名字?
―My name is Alan. 我叫艾伦｡
2. 英文“姓名”三特点
(1) 先“名”(given name) 后“姓”(family name),“姓”和“名”分开书写,且首字母要大写(注:中文姓名是先“姓”后“名”)｡例如:
My name is Wang Liping. Her name is Jack Smith. 我叫王丽萍,她叫杰克・史密斯｡
(2) Mr.(先生)､Mrs.(夫人)､Miss(小姐)､Ms.(女士) 等称呼语只能加在姓前面而不能加在名前面｡例如:
This is Mr Brown. His full name is Jim Brown. 这是布朗先生,他的全名为吉姆・布朗｡
(3) 表示职务､职业等名词一般不和姓氏连用｡例如,我们称呼“张老师”､“李大夫”为Teacher Zhang､Doctor Li｡需要称呼别人时,在其“姓”前加上Mr.､Mrs.､Miss､Ms.等就行了(注:中文姓名的“姓”常和一些行政职务､职业等名词连用｡比如:李主任､陈老师等)｡
询问他人的电话号码
询问他人的电话号码时,通常用“What’s your phone number, please?”,其答语为“It is + 号码”｡例如:
―What’s your phone number, Li Ming? 李明,你的电话号码是什么?
―It’s 4492981. 是4492981｡
课文疑难解析
1. ―My name’s Jenny.
―I’m Gina. Nice to meet you!(P1)
“Nice to meet you!”通常用来问候他人,意为“见到你(我) 很高兴!”,相当于“It’s nice to meet you.”,其应答语为“Nice to meet you, too.”,意为“见到你(我)也很高兴!”｡例如:
―Hello, Gina. Nice to meet you! 你好,吉娜!见到你(我)很高兴!
―Nice to meet you, too. 见到你(我)也很高兴!
2. Hello! What’s your/his/her name?(P2)
my, your, his, her 等后接名词,用来表示物品的归属,叫作形容词性物主代词(以后还将学到其它几个这类词)｡这几个词的意思分别为“我的”､“你的”､“他的”和“她的”｡例如:
This is my pen and that is his pen. 这是我的钢笔, 那是他的钢笔｡
单元难点点津
be 动词和人称代词的正确搭配是本单元的难点｡人称代词的人称和数决定着动词 be 的形式,其一般现在时的形式有:
I―am; you―are; he―is; she―is; it―is; you―are; we(我们)―are; you(你们)―are; they(他们)―are
我们可以利用下面的歌谣助记:
be 动词三变化,am, is 加上are｡ 我(I) 用am,你(you) 用are｡ is 跟着他(he)､她(she )､它(it)｡ 单数主语用is,复数主语都用 are｡
单元考点回顾
1. ―May I have your name, please?
―________
A. I’m a student.
B. Yes, you can’t.
C. You can call me Tom.
D. My friend is Tom.(2005年安徽课改区)
2. Who’s that boy over there? Do you know________name?
A. she B. her C. he D. his(2004年眉山市)
3. ―Are you Mr Thomas Green?
―Yes, but you’d better call me Mr________ , or________for short.
A. Thomas, Green B. Tom, Green
C. Green, Tom D. Green, Thomas(2002年青岛市)
4. ―________ is your telephone number?
―8652738.
A. How B. What
C. How many D. How much(2004年 昆明市)
5. ―Look ! The old woman lying on the ground is badly ill.
―Oh, dear! Let’s call________quickly.
A. 119 B. 120 C. 121 D. 122(2005年岳阳市)
答案与解析:
1. C｡ “May I know you name, please?”用来询问他人姓名,语气比“What’s your name?”更委婉｡文中询问的是对方的姓名,故答案选C｡
2. D｡形容词性物主代词用作定语,表示物品的归属,其后通常跟名词,故答案选D｡
3. C｡ 英文姓名先名后姓,称呼语须加在姓名或姓之前｡本题中的 Thomas是名,Green是姓,Thomas可简称为Tom,故答案选C｡
4. B｡ 询问某人的电话号码要用“What is sb’s telephone number?”,故答案选B｡
5. B｡ 既然有人“badly ill(病得很重)”,当然要拨打“120”寻求医疗急救,故答案选B｡
Unit 2Is this your pencil?
单元知识点拨
确认物品归属常用“Is this(that) your(his, her...) + 名词?”句式｡例如:
―Is this your pen? 这是你的钢笔吗?
―Yes, it is. 是的,它是｡
―No, it isn’t. It’s his pen. 不,是他的｡
如何拼读单词常用“How do you spell ...?”提问｡例如:
―How do you spell this word? 你如何拼读这个单词?
―W-A-T-C-H， watch.
课文疑难解析
1. Excuse me, Sonia. Is this your pencil?(P8)
excuse me是礼貌用语,意为“劳驾,打扰”,用于估计自己的行为可能会对别人造成影响而提前向别人致歉,也可用来请求别人帮助做某事｡例如:
―Excuse me. Are you Mr Green? 劳驾,你是格林先生吗?
―Yes, I am. 是的,我是｡
―Excuse me. Where is the bookstore? 请问书店在哪里?
―Just around the coner. 就在拐弯处｡
2. Found: A set of keys. Please call David at 529-6403.(P11)
(1) “数词(当数词为one时,可用a 或an代替)+ set , box等表示计量的名词 + of + 名词”结构用来表示事物的数量｡无论该结构中介词 of 之后的名词是可数还是不可数名词,当数词大于1时, set , box等表计量的名词要用复数形式｡例如:
one cup of tea =a cup of tea 一杯茶; two cups of tea 两杯茶
one set of keys =a sets of keys 一串钥匙; three sets of keys 三串钥匙
(2) “callat + 电话号码”意为“按照某一号码给某人打电话”｡例如:
Call me at 4492966, please. 请拨4492966打电话给我｡
单元难点点津
对“Is this(that) your(his, her...)...?”句式作答时,同学们极易出错｡列举如下:
―Is this(that) your notebook? 这(那) 是你的笔记本吗?
―Yes, it’s.(×)/Yes, this is.(×)/Yes, it is.(√) 是我的｡
―No, this isn’t.(×)/No, it isn’t.(√) 不,不是我的｡
易错点提示:
（1） 对该句式作肯定简略回答时, it 和is不能使用缩写形式｡
（2） 对该句式作简略回答时, this 或 that须用it 代替｡
单词巧记
本单元学了不少有关文具的名词: backpack(双肩背包), pencil case(文具盒), book(书), dictionary(字典), pen(钢笔), pencil(铅笔), eraser(橡皮擦),ruler(尺子), pencil sharpener(卷笔刀)
助记:小华上学校,肩上背书包;包里装文具(盒),样品真不少;书本､字典､笔,橡皮､尺､和(卷笔)刀｡
单元考点回顾
1. Linda, there’s somebody knocking at the door. Go and see who________is.
A. he B. she C. it D. that(2004年河南省)
2. ―Linda, the new term is coming , do you need a schoolbag?
―Yes, I’m going to buy________this afternoon.
A. it B. this C. one D. that(2005年黄冈市)
3. ―________, what’s the time?
―Sorry, I don’t have a watch.
A. Sorry B. Excuse me
C. Yes D. Pardon(2002年宁夏回族自治区)
4. ―What would you like to drink, girls?
―________, please.
A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees
C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees(2003年黄冈市)
5. We have bought two________for the coming party.
A. box of apple B. boxes of apples
C. box of apples D. boxes of apple(2005年吉林省)
答案与解析：
1. C｡ 空白处填it不是用来指代事物,而是指代进门前身份和性别都不清楚的敲门人,故答案为C｡
2. C｡ it 和 one 都可用来指代物品,但表示数量时,用one不用it,故答案为C｡
3. B｡ 打扰别人前先要说“Excuse me”表示歉意,故答案为B｡
4. C｡ 学习“数词 + 表计量名词 + of + 名词”这一结构时,应当注意数词和计量名词在数量上的对应关系,故答案为C｡
5. B｡ 解析同上｡
Unit 3This is my sister
单元知识点拨
介绍和辨认人时常用下列句式:
(1) I’m... =My name is... 我是……｡
(2) This/That/He/She is... 这(那/他/她)是……｡
(3) These/Those/We/They are... 这些(那些/我们/他们)是……｡
(4) Is this/that/he/she...? 这(那/他/她)是……吗?
(5) Are these/those/you/they...? 这些(那些/你们/他们)是……吗?
例如:
(1) Hello! My name is Li Lei. This is my friend， Mike. 你好,我是李雷,这是我的朋友，迈克｡
(2) ―Are these her pens? 这些是她的钢笔吗?
―Yes, they are. 是的,是她的钢笔｡
课文疑难解析
1. That’s Anna and that’s Paul.(P15)
这是个由并列连词and把两个简单句连接而成的并列句｡又如:
My father is a teacher and my mother is a doctor. 我爸爸是个老师,我妈妈是个医生｡
2. Thanks for the photo of your family.(P17)
“the photo of your family”意为“你家人的一张照片”,介词of 常用来表示某物的归属｡又如:
These are the trees of our school. 这些是我们学校的树｡
3. Here is my family photo!(P17)
副词 here 或 there 置于句首时,若句子的主语是名词时,要用倒装语序,即用“Here/There + 谓语动词 + 主语(名词)”结构｡例如:
Here comes the bus. 公共车来了｡
There goes the bell. 铃响了｡
单元难点点津
1. 英文称呼词的含义不如中文称呼词那么具体明了,如 sister, brother, cousin, uncle, aunt, grandfather, grandmother 等词都有两种或多种含义,其在文中的确切含义要根据句意或上､下文来确定｡例如:
This is my uncle―my father’s younger brother. That is my aunt―my mother’s sister. 这是我的叔叔,他是我爸爸的弟弟｡那是我的姨妈,她是我妈妈的妹妹｡
2. these, those 分别是 this, that 的复数形式,可指人,也可指物｡对“Are these...?”/“Are those...?”句式作肯定或否定回答时,指示代词 these, those 须用 they 代替｡例如:
―Are these your books? 这些是你的书吗?
―Yes, these are.(×)/Yes, they are.(√) 是的｡
―No, these are.(×)/No, they aren’t.(√) 不是｡
3. 西方国家的女子在结婚前随父姓(少数随母姓),婚后改随夫姓｡例如:女子 Helen Smith 在结婚前姓 Smith,当他和 Mike Green 结婚后,人们便称其为“Helen Green”或“Mrs Green”｡
单词巧记
本单元的主要生词是称呼语: grandparent, grandfather, grandmother, parent(s), father, mother, uncle, aunt, brother, sister, son, daughter, cousin
助记:这是我家的家谱,我把人头数一数:
grandfather 称祖父, grandmother 叫祖母；
father 父, mother 母, parents 是父母；
brother 是兄弟, sister 姐妹来称呼；
uncle 叔､伯､舅, aunt 姨､婶､姑；
daughter 是女 son 是儿,一家和睦真幸福!
单元考点回顾
1. My sister is a clerk.________works in a bank near here.
A. She B. He C. I D. You(2005年北京海淀区)
2. The man over there is my brother.________is a doctor.
A. She B. He C. Hers D. His(2001年北京市)
3. Thanks for________my grandpa when I was away.
A. looking after B. look over
C. looking at D. look for(2005年陕西省)
4. The Smiths are watching the men’s table tennis match after dinner. [词义替代]
A. Mr. Smith B. The Smith
C. Smiths D. The Smith family(2005年河北省)
5. Li Fang’s parents work hard.
Li Fang’s________and________work hard.[改为同义句](2003年广西省)
6. It is a large room.(改为复数句)________________ large rooms.
(2003年甘肃省)
答案与解析：
1. A｡ I, you, he, she, it, you, they, we(我们) 等都是人称代词主格,在句中充当主语｡不同的人称代词主格作主语时,句子谓语动词的形式也不一样｡
2. B｡ 解析同上｡
3. A｡ “Thank you for doing sth”意为“谢谢你做了某事”,其中介词 for 的后面跟动词的－ing形式,故答案为A｡
4. D｡ “the+ 姓氏复数”意为“姓……的夫妻俩”或“姓……的一家人”｡“the Smiths”意为“史密斯夫妻俩”或“史密斯一家人”,故答案为D｡
Ⅰ. 词汇
A) 根据句意及已给首字母的提示,写出空白所缺单词的正确形式,使句子意思完整,语法正确｡
1. ―Which do you like, music or art?
―Both. But I p ______PE.
2. He never tells a lie. He is an h______boy.
3. There are many things on d______in the museum.
4. I like the song that has great l______ .
5. My aunt is good at taking photos. She is a good p______ .
6. The picture r______me of what I had seen in Beijing.
7. When Edison was young, he showed i______in science.
8. They haven’t had lunch yet, so I e______they’re hungry.
9. You need a lot of e______to work with young children.
10. Boys and girls, please remember! W______you do, you must try your best.
B) 根据句意及括号内的汉语提示,写出空白处所缺的单词,完成下列各句,使句子意思完整,语法正确｡
1. I______(更喜欢) bananas to apples.
2. This story______(使想起) me of my experience of being a teacher.
3. We______(期望) him to bring us something to eat.
4. They have a______(讨论) about the matter.
5. My grandmother grows many______(蔬菜) in the garden.
6. If you don’t eat more food, you won’t have enough______(能量) to play basketball.
7. These______(土豆) are very fresh, and I bought them 5 minutes ago.
8. Jim is not only clever but also______(诚实).
9. It is said that this kind of food might cause______(癌症).
10. During that time, the population of the world______(增长) slowly.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. Mr Zhang is the teacher______ can speak two foreign languages.
A. which B. this C. that D. what
2. ―Do you like surfing or skating?
―I prefer skating______ surfing.
A. with B. on C. from D. to
3. ―Would you like some coffee?
―Yes, please. By the way, do you have any milk? I prefer coffee______ milk.
A. from B. with C. to D. for
4. ―______do you take the medicine?
―Three times a day.
A. How often B. How long C. How much D. How soon
5. Stop______. The baby is sleeping on the bed.
A. to talk B. talk C. talked D. talking
6. Although he is very hungry,______ he has no money to buy food.
A. and B. but C. × D. or
7. The story reminds me______ my childhood.
A. on B. of C. with D. for
8. Our Chinese teacher asked us to write______ composition.
A. a 800-words B. an 800-words
C. a 800-word D. an 800-word
9. ―What do you think of the film?
―It’s too boring. I am leaving for home. I can’t______ it.
A. like B. stand C. prefer D. show
10. This music is great because even a child of three can dance______ it.
A. to B. for C. on D. at
11. ―May I go to the cinema, Mum?
―Certainly. But you______ be back by 11 o’clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
12. I will stay at home if it______ tomorrow.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
13. Pass me my glasses, Jack. I can______ read the words in the newspaper.
A. hardly B. really C. rather D. clearly
14. ―Must I finish my homework tomorrow?
―No, you______.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
15. ―Which do you prefer, oranges or apples?
―______ . I’d like bananas.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All
Ⅲ. 汉译英 用句子后面括号内所给的提示词语将下列句子翻译成英语｡
1. 我在街上遇见的那个人是我爸爸的一个朋友｡(who)
2. 他虽然已经在中国居住了两年, 但是他却一点儿也不会说汉语｡(although)
3. 这首曲子让我想起了那个爱情故事｡(remind)
4. 与数学比较起来, 我更喜欢语文｡(prefer)
5. 我叔叔正在看的那本书是关于中国历史的书｡(that)
Ⅳ. 选词填空 用 who 或 that 填空｡
1. The boy______ is standing under the tree is my brother.
2. The book______ I borrowed yesterday is very interesting.
3. He is the teacher______ taught us physics last year.
4. I like film stars______ are beautiful.
5. They are talking about the films______ they have seen before.
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Billy is a boy of fifteen. His parents died three years ago. One day when he was walking in the street, he 1 a wallet(钱包). He returned it to the owner, Mr Baker. He gave his 2 to the boy. As the boy had no job(工作), Mr Baker let him work for him in his 3 . Billy worked so hard that Mr and Mrs Baker were 4 with him.
Mr Baker loved planting 5 . The week before last, he brought a few trees home, planted them in the 6 himself and watered them every day. Several days 7 , he had to leave for another city. Before he started, he said to Billy, “Take good care of the trees. Some boys near our house always want to steal(偷) them.” “Don’t 8 about them, sir,” answered Billy, “I’ll try my best to watch them.”
Six days passed and Mr Baker came back. He asked, “ 9 anyone ever come to steal the trees?” “No, sir,” said Billy. “To stop someone from stealing the trees, I 10 them up six days ago. I have hidden(藏) them for almost a week!”
1. A. found B. bought C. carried D. wanted
2. A. wallet B. pity C. thanks D. excuses
3. A. factory B. room C. town D. house
4. A. pleased B. angry C. strict D. popular
5. A. flowers B. grass C. vegetables D. trees
6. A. garden B. office C. city D. room
7. A. ago B. later C. before D. after
8. A. think B. talk C. learn D. worry
9. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Will
10. A. sent B. pulled C. put D. picked
Ⅵ. 阅读理解
(A)
A friend’s grandfather came to America from Britain. He went into a cafeteria(自助餐厅) in lower Manhattan to get something to eat. He sat down at an empty table and waited for someone to take his order. Of course nobody did. At last, a woman with a plate full of food sat down in front of him and told him how a cafeteria worked. “Start out at the end,” she said. “Just go along the line and pick out what you want. At the other end they’ll tell you how much you have to pay.”
“I soon learned that’s how everything works in America,” the grandfather told a friend. “Life is like a cafeteria here. You can get anything you want only if you like to pay the money. You can even get success, but you’ll never get anything if you wait for someone to bring to you. You have to get up and get it yourself.”
1. The old man was______.
A. English B. American C. German D. Canadian
2. “Take his order” in this passage means______.
A. have some food booked B. put everything in order
C. eat something D. take his turn
3. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There was nobody eating in the cafeteria.
B. The woman was a friend of that old man.
C. The waiters didn’t like to serve him because he was old.
D. The woman had been to a cafeteria before.
4. From this passage, we know if you want to get success in America, you should______.
A. take your order
B. know how a cafeteria works
C. get up again if you fail
D. try to get everything by yourself
5. The best title of the story should be “______ ”.
A. From Britain to America
B. Life Is Like a Cafeteria in America
C. How a Cafeteria Works
D. Eating in an American Cafeteria
(B)
When you send a letter or a postcard, you have to put some stamps on the envelope or on the card. When did people first begin to use stamps? Who was the first to think of this idea?
In the early nineteenth century, people did not use stamps. They had to pay some money when they received letters. Sometimes they didn’t want to receive a letter at all, but they had to pay for it. They were unhappy about this. And what was more, they had to pay quite much at that time.
Rowland Hill was a school teacher in England. He was the first to think of using stamps in the 1850s. He thought it would be much easier for people to use stamps. They could go to the post office to buy stamps and put them on envelopes before they sent the letters. The post office could just put seals on the stamps so that people could not use them again. In this way, the post office did not send postmen to collect money. It only needed fewer postmen to send letters.
6. People began to use stamps______.
A. in the middle of the nineteenth century
B. about one hundred years ago
C. more than two hundred years ago
D. when people first sent letters and postcards
7. The word “envelope” in this passage means “______ ” in Chinese.
A. 邮戳 B. 邮费 C. 信签 D. 信封
8. The passage tells that Rowland Hill______.
A. invented the first stamps B. was a postman in England
C. had got the idea to use stamps D. was the first man to use stamps
9. After the stamps were used,______.
A. postmen needn’t get money
B. people needn’t pay money
C. the post office could get more money
D. people should pay more money
10. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. How did the stamps begin to be used?
B. Why were the people sent to get money?
C. When did the people first begin to use stamps?
D. Who was the first to think of using stamps?
Unit 7
Ⅰ. 词汇
A) 根据句意及括号内的汉语提示,写出空白处所缺的单词,使句子意思完整,语法正确｡
1. He had a strange way of making his classes interesting and______(生动的).
2. Can you______(翻译) this sentence into English?
3. Mr Li______(供给) his son with comfortable living conditions.
4. Is there a______(教堂) near the village?
5. We had a______(极好的) time in the park last Sunday.
B) 根据句意及已给首字母的提示,写出空白处各单词的正确形式,使句子意思完整,语法正确｡
1. Going to the beach for vacation can r______ .
2. It’s d______to trek through the Amazon jungle of Brazil.
3. Could you p______me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer?
4. Cousteau bought this ship to e______under the sea.
5. That’s my p______car.
6. S______is one of the world’s most popular water sports.
7. There are a lot of c______in the supermarket.
8. The t______is used for cleaning teeth.
9. The kites are in different s______ .
10. Shanghai is cold this time of year. You need to p______warm clothes if you go there.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. ―Bob, would you like to come to our dinner party?
―______ .
A. Yes, I would B. Yes, I’d love to
C. Yes, I would like D. No, I don’t go
2. I would like to go______.
A. relaxing something B. somewhere relaxing
C. anywhere relaxing D. relaxing anywhere
3. Could you please______ me a cup of coffee?
A. to pass B. passing C. pass D. past
4. The soldiers were walking______ a forest after they swam______ the river.
A. through; across B. across; through
C. through; on D. across; though
5. We are considering______ a picnic next Sunday.
A. have B. having C. had D. has
6. Would you mind______ me carry the case upstairs?
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
7. Japan lies______ the east of China, and it’s also______ the east of Asia.
A. in; to B. on; to C. to; in D. in; on
8. I______ him to come to my birthday party next Saturday.
A. hope B. think C. wish D. make
9. ―Do you mind my opening the window?
―______ .
A. Yes, do it as you please B. No, you’d better not
C. Not at all, please do it D. Yes, never mind
10. Our school library is very nice, and it also provides us______ a large number of good books.
A. for B. on C. to D. with
11. Bob couldn’t buy the dictionary because he had______ money with him.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
12. I can’t understand the article______ there are a lot of new words in it.
A. though B. if C. because D. but
13. The poor man ate a big breakfast______ he said he wasn’t hungry.
A. though B. if C. because D. but
14. It rained______ in Hefei last night.
A. hardly B. heavily C. big D. heavy
15. ―Tom didn’t come to school yesterday.
―______ .
A. So did I B. So I did C. Neither did I D. Nor I did
Ⅲ. 单词填空 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空｡
1. Why not______(go) boating with me?
2. The people here are very______(friend).
3. Where would you like______(go) on vacation, Jim?
4. Shanghai is a wonderful place for______(shop).
5. Kunming is not______(suppose) to be very hot.
6. We’d like to travel to an______(education) place.
7. Many young people love______(surf) and swimming.
8.______(live) in the country is more enjoyable than living in the city.
9. Don’t plan on______(drive) there.
10. Her beauty is______(thrill).
Ⅳ. 完形填空
My family and I want to 1 a trip this summer somewhere 2 the east of China. We would like 3 to an 4 place, and we also don’t mind 5 we have to go. We love hiking and 6 , but any kinds of exercise is fine. We also need 7 in an inexpensive hotel. It would be nice if our hotel had rooms with kitchens, so we could save money by 8 our own meals. The room needs to be 9 for three people. Also, we’d like to stay at a place with a big pool or somewhere near the sea. We want to go there by plane. We’d like to be 10 for about three weeks.
1. A. bring B. take C. make D. go for
2. A. to B. in C. on D. of
3. A. travel B. traveling C. traveled D. to travel
4. A. exciting B. interested C. excite D. excited
5. A. how long B. how often C. how soon D. how far
6. A. swimming B. swim C. swam D. swims
7. A. stay B. staying C. to stay D. stayed
8. A. cooking B. making C. eating D. buying
9. A. small enough B. big enough
C. enough big D. enough small
10. A. here B. there C. leave D. away
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
(A)
Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(家用面包车).
A small car can hold(容纳) four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family of three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel. They could all travel together.
Mr Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and buy a van. There are seven seats in the van, and two of them are used to put other things, for a family of fine must carry many suitcases(衣箱) when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents’ home, the suitcases are put into the two seats. And then they can carry their grandparents.
Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.
1. From the passage, we know a van is also called______.
A. a motor car B. a motor home
C. a motorbike D. a big truck
2. Before Mr Hagen and his wife bought a van, they______.
A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents’
C. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car
3. A motor home is usually owned by a family with______.
A. a baby B. much money
C. more than two children D. interest in vans
4. Americans usually use motor homes______.
A. to travel with all the family members during holidays
B. to do some shopping with all the family members
C. to visit their grandparents at weekends
D. to drive their children to school every day
5. Motor homes have become popular because______.
A. they can take people to another city when people are free
B. they can let large families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays
C. some people think motor homes are cheap
D. big families can put more things after shopping in the supermarket
(B)
Paragraph 1
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are:(1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds, (2) citrus(柑橘) fruits and tomatoes, (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables, (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs, (5) milk and foods made from milk, (6) bread or cereal, rice is also in this kind of food, (7) butter, or something like butter.
Paragraph 2
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day, in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. The important thing is what you eat every day.
Paragraph 3
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some way to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
6. According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?
A. Chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages.
B. Potatoes, carrots, rice, bread.
C. Oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes.
D. Beef, pork, fish, tomatoes.
7. It is important for people to eat______ .
A. three times a day
B. dinner at twelve o’clock
C. cooked food all the time
D. something from each of the seven kinds of food every day
8. People in different countries and different places of the world______.
A. have almost the same kinds of food to eat
B. cook their food in the same way
C. have their meals at the same time
D. eat food in different ways
9. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. People in some places don’t have enough to eat.
B. There are too many people in the world.
C. One of the problems is that no one is hungry.
D. The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy.
10. If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?
A. When people eat their lunch.
B. What to do with the two problems.
C. How to cook food in different ways.
D. Why people eat different kinds of food.
Ⅵ. 书面表达
每个青少年都有一个五彩缤纷的梦想｡请以 “I want to be a/an...”为题, 写一写你的梦想｡
词数:60～80个
内容提示:
1. What do you want to be?
2. Why do you want to be a/an...?
3. How can you make it come true?
Key to Unit 6:
Ⅰ. A) 1. prefer2. honest3. display4. lyrics5. photographer
6. reminded7. interest8. expect9. energy10. Whatever
B) 1. prefer2. reminds3. expect4. discussion5. vegetables
6. energy7. potatoes8. honest9. cancer10. increased
Ⅱ. 1-5 CDBAD6-10 CBDBA11-15 CBABC
Ⅲ. 1. The man who I met in the street is a friend of my father’s.
2. Although he has lived in China for two years, he can hardly speak any Chinese.
3. The music reminds me of the love story.
4. I prefer Chinese to math.
5. The book that my uncle is reading is on Chinese history.
Ⅳ. 1. who/that2. that3. who/that4. who/that5. that
Ⅴ. 1-5 ACDAD6-10 ABDCB
Ⅵ. 1-5 AADDB6-10 ADCAA
Key to Unit 7:
Ⅰ. A) 1. lively2. translate3. provides4. church5. wonderful
B) 1. relax2. dangerous3. provide4. explore5. private
6. Surfing7. customers8. toothbrush9. shapes10. pack
Ⅱ. 1-5 BBCAB6-10 CCCCD 11-15 DCABC
Ⅲ. 1. go2. friendly3. to go4. shopping5. supposed6. educational
7. surfing8. Living9. driving10. thrilling
Ⅳ. 1-5BBDAD 6-10 ACABD
Ⅴ. 1-5 BDCAB 6-10 ADDCB
Ⅵ. One possible version: