发布时间:2023-03-13 11:17:36
序言:写作是分享个人见解和探索未知领域的桥梁,我们为您精选了8篇的盘点制度样本,期待这些样本能够为您提供丰富的参考和启发,请尽情阅读。
一、目的:
制定合理的盘点管理流程,以确保公司库存物料盘点的正确性,达到仓库物料有效管理和公司财产有效管理的目的
二、适用范围及盘点频次
本办法适用于物流部仓库的盘点。盘点分为定期盘点、不定期盘点、日盘点。定期盘点分为年度盘点、假期盘点;不定期盘点按公司要求和出现帐务异常情况下组织盘点、日盘点是对贵重物与成品的盘点。
三、盘点采用方式:
仓库盘点采用实地盘存制,禁止目测数量、估计数量;
四、职责
1、物流部负责盘点准备工作,确定到货入库及供货清单出库的账务处理。
2、物流部负责盘点工作的具体实施,对盘点过程中出现的差异分析原因,提出改进措施。
3、财务部负责盘点通知、对盘点过程的监督及结果进行检查、汇总与审核。
五、工作纪律:
1、一旦盘点时间确定,无总经理指示等特殊情况,不得更改;
2、月末盘点现场必须有一名财务人员与一名仓库负责人在场;
3、盘点期间,不能有任何私人电话与事务耽搁工作;
4、物流部负责人应及时分配盘点工作,对盘点结果,负全部责任。
5、如有违反上述规定,违规者罚款50元
六、工作流程:
1)盘点工作准备:
1、盘点之前,仓库保管员首先应做好预盘工作,盘点前应及时追回已领料但未填领料单的货物,应让领料者在盘点前一天将相关单据补齐关并入到系统里;
2、盘点前需要将所有能入库归位的物料全部归位入库登帐,不能归位入库或未登帐的进行特殊标示注明不参加本次盘点;对仓库进行整理,清理出藏在死角的物料;
3、将仓库所有物料进行整理整顿标示。同一物料储位不能放超过2米远的距离,且同一货架的物料不能放在另一货架上;
4、盘点前仓库帐务需要全部处理完毕;
5、确定帐卡物一致:核对物料,确保物料、卡与货位三者一致。
2)盘点库存流程:
1、每月月尾按规定时间上午8.30开始盘点,仓库停止一切收、发、移动等操作,各部门应全力配合盘点工作;
2、仓库主管主要协调仓库具体盘点、搬运工作;
3、仓库、财务部分别指定一个仓库盘点负责人及盘点监督人,要求每一个仓库都有相应的盘点人和财务复核人员,由财务人员监督仓库盘点人的盘点工作;
4、仓库保管员应将盘点单发放到每一个盘点仓库的盘点人员及监盘人手上;
5、实施盘点,由盘点人与搬运人员进行盘点,财务人员复核与监督;
6、财务部收取所有的盘点清单,要求所有清单连号,没有遗漏,并进行汇总。
七、盘点差异处理:
1、财务对盘点结果进行对比差异,数据如有差异,重新确认盘点区域由仓库对差异项目进行复盘,检查是否存在漏盘、错盘现象并重新计算;对未入账的重新入账;
2、财务再次对复盘结果进行汇总,并与库存帐比较差异。
3、盘点差异的原因有错盘、漏盘、计算错误;异常退货,并且未入账;待查明原因,进行分析差异原因,作详细书面报告,同时提出差异调整申请。
4、财务经理及总经理对差异调查报告及差异调整申请进行审批。
5、仓库根据审批情况作库存差异调整。
6、财务部根据审批情况作库存财务帐差异调整
八、盘点结果处理:
1、库管员须配合财务部的定期盘点工作,并在盘点后2日内将核对准确的台账上交财务,如有延后部门负责人罚款20元。
2、月末盘点,原材料根据库存类别分为ABC类,A类物资不予出现差异,如有差异,仓库保管员应先进行自查,查无结果,由部门负责人根据采购价按全额赔款60%,仓库保管员根据采购价按全额赔款40%。B类物资盘点差错率应为1%以下,超过1%到5%内的差错率将对仓库负责人与物流部负责人进行绩效扣分,C类物资盘占差错率应为2%,超过2%到5%内的差错率将对仓库负责人与物流部负责人进行绩效扣分,超过5%差错率的将对超出部分做核算由仓库负责人承担。
(盘点差错率=盘点差错的数量/盘点总数量)
3、成本库不允许出现盘盈亏,如实有盘盈与盘亏现象存在,将对仓库负责人与物流部负责人根据盘盈与盘亏营销价的差额进行扣款。
财务部
—
一、重点单词
1. earn2. respect3. devote4. average
5. experience6. struggle7. donate8. exchange
9. inform10. run11. approve12. diet
13. charge14. figure15. recover16. forbid17. affect18. deserve19. tolerate
20. insist21. risk22. recognize23. loss
24. suggest
二、重点单词讲解
1. patience
【命题角度】 n. [U] 耐心with patience耐心地;have patience忍耐一下;have no patience with不能容忍;patient adj.有耐心的;n. 病人
【考题链接】 Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with . (2013江西卷22)
A. curiosityB. satisfaction
C. envyD. patience
2. damage
【命题角度】 n. [U];[pl.] 赔偿费;v. damage ones health“损坏健康”;damage ones good name“破坏名声”;do damage to“使……受到伤害”;suffer (great) damage from“受到……损坏”以及与injury, wound, harm和ruin辨析。
【考题链接】 The accident caused some to my car, but its nothing serious. (2013辽宁卷23)
A. harmB. injury
C. ruinD. damage
3. run
【命题角度】 run一词多性,一词多意以及短语辨析。
【考题链接】 ―OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up. (2012江苏卷26)
―You cant your responsibilities.
A. run off withB. run up against
C. run out ofD. run away from
4. keep
【命题角度】 keep + 宾语+宾语补足语 (形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语 / 现在分词 / 过去分词)
【考题链接】 Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dreams. (2011重庆卷33)
A. remindingB. to remind
C. remindedD. remind
5. average
【命题角度】 adj.; n.; v. an average of...; above / below average; on average
【考题链接】 Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year. (2010 江西卷35)
A. averageB. number
C. amountD. quantity
6. prepare
【命题角度】 prepare, prepare for, make preparations for, get ready for的异同以及非谓语动词用法比较。
【考题链接】 At the time, all the graduating students were sitting in the classroom the coming tests.
A. prepared
B. made preparations for
C. preparing for
D. got ready for
7. charge
【命题角度】 in charge of, in the charge of及take charge of。
【考题链接】 Who will the exploration when the expert is on business?
A. in charge ofB. take the charge of
C. take charge ofD. in the charge of
8. suggest
【命题角度】 suggest表“暗示、表明、说明”时,不用虚拟语气;表“建议”时,用虚拟语气。
【考题链接】 Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which spending quite a lot of time with students. (2013福建卷24)
A. enjoysB. involves
C. practicesD. suggests
Graces pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination.
A. be; should haveB. was; have
C. should be; hadD. was; was
9. inform
【命题角度】 inform sb. of / about; inform sb. that / wh; keep sb. informed of / about的用法比较。
【考题链接】 Please keep me happened last night.
A. inform of what
B. informed of what
C. informing about that
D. from informing about that
10. including
【命题角度】 动词contain和include以及介词including和形容词included用法和辨析。
【考题链接】 The parcel a lot of things, a secondhand dictionary. (2007南开模拟卷)
A. contained; included
B. included; contained
C. contained; including
D. included; containing
三、重点短语
1. upon / on doing2. inform sb. of sth.3. consist of4. come up with5. turn up6. feel like doing sth.7. be hard on sb.8. now that
9. mean to do sth.10. as though / if11. insist on
12. do with13. cant wait to do sth.14. be dying to do sth.15. work out16. used to do sth.
17. concentrate on18. for free19. be fond of20. look back (on)21. make use of22. in charge of23. cant wait to do sth.24. be supposed to25. stay up26. mix up27. go on a diet28. fall out29. get into shape30. make the most of
四、重要语法结构
1. 定语从句:1) 结构及理解 2) 关系词的使用 3) 简化表达
2. so / neither 相关用法
五、巩固练习
1. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (2012江苏卷22)
A. whichB. who
C. whereD. what
2. As the project at the meeting, it drew our attention.
A. comes upB. was come up
C. came upD. had been come up
3. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other. (2011山东卷32)
A. theyB. that
C. whereD. what
4. The boy I the notice was then working a physical problem.
A. talked to; onB. informed of; on
C. compared with; atD. related to; out
5. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. (2011四川卷17)
A. whichB. whose
C. whenD. where
6. Anyone traveling abroad without a passport of being arrested.
A. runs the riskB. takes a chance
C. has the opportunityD. runs the danger
7. He rode on until he got to the foot of a hill, when his horse danger and stopped.
A. recognizedB. discovered
C. sensedD. came across
8. “Crazy English” teach us and help us improve our English in an active and fun way.
A. meansB. means for
C. has meant toD. is meant to
9. Im so tired that I dont doing anything.
A. wishB. hope
C. wantD. feel like
10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction had taken more than three years. (2011江西卷34)
A. for whichB. of which
C. with whichD. to which
11. Made fun of often by her colleagues for her fatness, Charlotte is .
A. looking forward to be slim
B. dying to be slim
C. long to be slim
D. expected to be slim
12. The country life he was used to greatly since 1992.
A. changeB. has changed
C. changingD. have changed
13. Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
A. thatB. which
C. whoseD. what
14. Care of the soul is a gradual process even the small details of life should be considered.(2012湖南卷34)
A. whatB. in what
C. whichD. in which
15. ―Garfield is my favorite cartoon figure. I also like those Disney ones.
―.
A. So is my daughter
B. So do my daughter
C. Neither is my daughter
D. Its the same with my daughter
Module 2
一、重点单词
1. puzzled2. strength3. supply4. convince5. case6. witness7. murder8. clothing
9. view10. surrounding11. scare12. curious13. preserve14. examine15. bury16.search17. desire18. whichever19. signal20. announce21. curious22. fortune23. disturb24. view
二、重点单词讲解
1. preserve
【命题角度】 vt. 保存,保藏;防腐 (+from);腌制 (+in);n. [C] 蜜饯,果酱;禁 (猎 )区
【考题链接】 ―The town is so beautiful! I just love it. (2013江苏卷23)
―Me too. The character of the town is well .
A. qualifiedB. preserved
C. decoratedD. simplified
2. supply
【命题角度】 vt. / n. supply sth. for sb. = supply sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”;in short supply “供应不足”;supplier n.“供应商 / 厂家;原料”以及与provide和offer辨析。
【考题链接】 As the worlds population continues to grow, the of food becomes more and more of a concern. (2013浙江卷4)
A. worthB. supply
C. packageD. list
3. strength
【命题角度】 高考题最常考查strength,power,force,energy等词的辨析。
【考题链接】 ―Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? (2012福建卷25)
―Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.
A. strengthB. talent
C. abilityD. skill
To play better, all the players have to know their and weaknesses. (2012福建卷26)
A. techniquesB. strengths
C. benefitsD. values
4. whichever
【命题角度】 which与whichever; who与whoever; how与however以及 what与whatever同no matter which; no matter who; no matter how以及no matter what用法与辨析。
【考题链接】 one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. (2013江西卷30)
A. WhoeverB. Whatever
C. WhicheverD. Wherever
In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. (2013江苏卷28)
A. whateverB. whoever
C. whereverD. whichever
hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. (2012湖南卷32)
A. HoweverB. Whatever
C. WhicheverD. Whenever
5. search
【命题角度】 search sb.“搜身”;search for“搜寻”;search地点名词 for sb. / sth.“在某地搜寻某人 / 物”;in search of为介词短语。
【考题链接】 the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (2008湖南卷)
A. Having searchedB. To search
C. SearchingD. Search
6. signal
【命题角度】 sign, signal, mark与symbol等词的用法与区别。
【考题链接】 In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a for everyone to stand up. (2009湖北卷26)
A. signalB. chance
C. markD. measure
7. reach
【命题角度】 reach vt.; reach to the sky; reach for... (伸手去拿 / 够……); beyond reach;out of / within ones reach。
【考题链接】 It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot easy reach.(2009山东卷33)
A. nearB. upon
C. withinD. around
Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens .
A. touchB. sight
C. reachD. distance
8. present
【命题角度】 ① n.“物;目前”。② v.“呈现”。③ adj. 前置时“目前的”;后置时“在场的”。
【考题链接】 All of them try to use the power of the workstation information in a more effective way. (2009北京卷)
A. presentingB. presented
C. being presentedD. to present
9. common
【命题角度】 common“常见的”。in common; common knowledge; have... in common with;ordinary“平常的”;general“普遍的”;normal“正常的”。
【考题链接】 Letter boxes are much more in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead. (2006浙江卷)
A. commonB. normal
C. ordinaryD. usual
10. puzzled
【命题角度】 puzzle, puzzled与puzzling含义区别。
【考题链接】 The question was so that the girl listened with a expression on her face.
A. puzzling; puzzledB. puzzled; puzzled
C. puzzling; puzzlingD. puzzled; puzzling
11. bury
【命题角度】 bury, buried, burying与burial用法与区别。
【考题链接】 Whats wrong with the boy? I saw him run out of the classroom, with his face in his hands.
A. buryB. burial
C. buryingD. buried
12. desire
【命题角度】 a / ones desire for / to do sth. / that sb. (should) do; desire (sb.) to do; desire that sb. (should) do
【考题链接】 She desired that he these letters after she left.
A. burnedB. burn
C. burnsD. burnt
三、重点短语
1. make up2. run after3. in case4. as well as
5. pay off6. due to7. pick up8. a great deal of
9. take off10.take charge of11. make ones way to12. leave out13. look forward to14. make contributions to15. be surrounded by16. step up
17. show up18. take charge of19. look into20. belong to21. set sail22. come across
23. result in24. be in control (of something)
25. look up to
四、重要语法结构
1. 助动词用在谓语动词之前来加强语气,此时谓语动词应为原形;
2. 时态考查 (现在完成时或现在完成进行时);
3. sb. / sth. is said to do / to be done / to be doing / to have done / to have been done;
4. where 引导的定语从句;
5. 省略的考查 (不定式符号后省略情况);
6. 考查疑问词 + ever 与no matter + 疑问词的区别以及whatever与however区别;
7. not... until以及not until 放于句首引起的倒装结构的考查;
8. have sb. do = get sb. to do; have sb. doing = get sb. doing; have sth. done = get sth. done;
9. wish to do; wish sb. to do; wish sb. sth.; wish + 从句(虚拟语气);
10. worth, worthy与worthwhile
五、巩固练习
1. ―Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? (2012重庆卷22)
―Well, I a test and Im waiting for the result.
A. will takeB. took
C. had takenD. take
2. ―Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
―You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. (2010天津卷8)
A. asB. which
C. whereD. that
3. If you have a job, yourself to it and finally youll succeed. (2010 四川卷)
A. do devoteB. dont devote
C. devotingD. not devoting
4. Sam some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. (2010山东卷)
A. brought upB. looked up
C. picked upD. set up
5. The teacher stressed again that the students should not any important details while retelling the story. ( 2008湖北卷)
A. bring outB. let out
C. leave outD. make out
6. After the Arab states won their independence, much attention was paid to developing education, with girls boys encouraged to go to school.
A. besideB. as well as
C. as wellD. either
7. The athletes years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. (2012安徽卷28)
A. went onB. got through
C. paid offD. ended up
8. I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just .
A. by natureB. in return
C. in caseD. by chance
9. My mother opened the drawer to the knives and spoons. (2010全国卷II)
A. put awayB. put up
C. put onD. put together
10. My son is seeing you again, Tom. After all, you havent seen each other for 8 years.
A. looking forward toB. looking into
C. looking up toD. owing to
11. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now later in life. (2012湖南卷22)
A. has been repaidB. was being repaid
C. will be repaidD. was repaid
12. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. (2010重庆卷)
A. whoeverB. who
C. whicheverD. which
13. American Indians about five percent of the U.S. population.
A. fill upB. bring up
C. make upD. set up
14. It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. (2012湖南卷30)
A. whoB. that
C. whereD. before
15. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.
A. resemblesB. strengthens
C. reflectsD. shapes
Module 3
一、重点单词
1. panic2. combine3. glance4. relief
5. observe6. contribution7. raise8. concern9. distinguish10. differ11. ruin12. access13. complain14. recognize15. attach
16. indicate17. ruin18. employ19. occupy
20. declare
二、重点单词讲解
1. therefore
【命题角度】 adv.“因此;因而;所以”以及与so辨析。
【考题链接】 What a terrible experience! , youre safe now―thats the main thing. (2013江西卷24)
A. AnywayB. Besides
C. OtherwiseD. Therefore
2. panic
【命题角度】 基本含义以及短语的搭配 in (a) panic; panic sb. into doing sth.; panic over / about; get into a panic以及同义词的辨析。
【考题链接】 “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with clearly in her voice. (2011湖北卷21)
A. angerB. rudeness
C. regretD. panic
3. combine
【命题角度】 combine vt. combine A with B; vi. combine with; combination n. 及同义词辨析。
【考题链接】 ―In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.(2010福建卷33)
―I cant agree more. Its great to have the two .
A. linkedB. related
C. connectedD. combined
4. glance
【命题角度】 基本含义、短语的搭配以及与易混词组的辨析 glance at / stare at / glare at / look at / gaze at
【考题链接】 He his watch and left in a hurry.
A. stared atB. watched
C. glared atD. glanced at
5. contribution
【命题角度】 contribute to有助于,促成,是……的原因之一;名词词组make a contribution / contributions to sth. / doing sth., 其中to为介词。
【考题链接】 Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. attend toB. devote to
C. dedicated toD. contribute to
6. raise
【命题角度】 及物动词raise的多层含义:举起;提高;提出;抚养;募集等以及与不及物动词rise的用法辨析。
【考题链接】 One Monday morning, while the sun was in the east, we watched the national flag to the top of the pole.
A. raising; raiseB. rising; being raised
C. raising; riseD. rising; being risen
7. indicate
【命题角度】 indicate一词多义;“表明,表示”;“暗示,指示”以及同义词的辨析。
【考题链接】 A red sky at night fine weather the following day.
A. includesB. reflects
C. indicatesD. decides
8. declare
【命题角度】 “(向公众) 正式宣布”,侧重当众发表,与announce辨析。
【考题链接】 At the conference, the Chinese foreign minister his opinion that China was strongly against the terrorism.
A. declaredB. announced
C. startedD. showed
9. relief
【命题角度】 relief n. 减轻,缓解,轻松,宽慰,救济。give relief to减轻;to ones relief使某人感到宽慰的是……;relieve v.
【考题链接】 ―Dont worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu. (2012江苏卷)
―! Ill tell Dad theres nothing serious.
A. What a reliefB. Congratulations
C. How surprisingD. Im so sorry
Those who suffer from headache will find they get from this medicine.
A. reliefB. safety
C. defenseD. shelter
10. access
【命题角度】 access vt. / n. accessible adj. way、passage与approach辨析。
【考题链接】 The system has been designed to give students quick and easy to the digital resources of the library. (2009浙江卷6)
A. accessB. passage
C. wayD. approach
三、重点短语
1. in sight2. make sense3. pay back4. make progress5. cant help doing6. feed on7. consist of8.pick up9. depend on10. turn into11. contribute to12. take over13. carry out
14. in return15. in memory of16. wish for
17. reach out18. watch out for19. roll up
20. be made up of21. name after22. take control of23. lead to24. ought to25. differ from
26. stand for27. rise up against28. stand in ones path29. come down with30. aside from
四、重要语法
1. 名词性(主语、宾语、表语)从句的运用;it作形式主语或形式宾语;
2. 主谓一致用法;
3. with + O + doing / done / to do / adj. / adv. / 介短
五、巩固练习
1. I am sure David will be able to find the library―he has a pretty good of direction.
A. ideaB. feeling
C. experienceD. sense
2. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (2012福建卷35)
A. whoB. whom
C. whoeverD. whomever
3. The plan is perfect, but it will be very difficult .
A. to carry onB. to be carried on
C. to carry outD. to be carried out
4. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter you have lived there for a short or a long time. (2012湖南卷26)
A. whyB. how
C. whetherD. when
5. It is said that he will his fathers business when he has enough experience to manage it.
A. take overB. hand over
C. go overD. think over
6. Bad habits are easily while good ones are hard to develop.
A. took upB. picked up
C. made upD. caught up
7. Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases. (2011天津卷13)
A. whatB. which
C. thatD. where
8. I really dont know how many paragraphs the passage .
A. makes upB. consists of
C. bases onD. refers to
9. He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself in Paris. , he had a wonderful time. (2012江西卷34)
A. Above allB. Whats more
C. As a resultD. On the contrary
10. ―I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
―Thats I dont agree. You should have a more active life.
A. whereB. how
C. whenD. what
11. It was never clear the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. (2011江苏卷26)
A. thatB. how
C. whenD. why
12. ―I dont know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.
―I leave to your own judgment whether you should do it.
A. thatB. it
C. thisD. what
13. It is not always easy for the public to see use a new invention can be of to human life. (2011重庆卷34)
A. whoseB. what
C. whichD. that
14. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of those works, however, some difficult to understand.
A. are; isB. is; is
C. are; areD. is; are
15. With some books he needed , he went into the bookstore quickly.
A. to buyB. bought
C. buyingD. buy
Module 4
一、重点单词
1. appeal2. comment3. cure4. comment
5. recommend6. convenience7. aim8. origin9. trick10. design11. determine12. persuade
13. urge14. significance15. attempt16. compete17. precious18. honour19. otherwise20. power21. promote22. impression23. accuse24. escape
二、重点单词讲解
1. meanwhile
【命题角度】 n. / adv. = meantime;n. / adv. 另一方面;与此同时;in the meanwhile = in the meantime
【考题链接】 It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. , Ill set the table. (2013浙江卷14)
A. As a resultB. On the whole
C. In the meanwhileD. As a matter of fact
2. appeal
【命题角度】 appeal to sth.; appeal (to sb.) for sth.; appeal to sb. to do sth.; appeal against sth.;和make an appeal to sb.用法。
【考题链接】 ―How did you like Nicks performance last night? (2010安徽卷23)
―To be honest, his singing didnt to me much.
A. appealB. belong
C. referD. occur
3. deal with
【命题角度】 deal with在疑问句中常用疑问词how; do with在疑问句中常用疑问词what。
【考题链接】 In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant . (2010四川卷11)
A. to deal withB. dealing with
C. to be dealt withD. dealt with
4. otherwise
【命题角度】 含蓄条件句就是有时假设的情况没有用if从句表示出来,而是通过without, but for等介词引出的短语或是由副词otherwise,连词but等引导的短语或上下文表示出来。
【考题链接】 Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis often to be richest woman in the world. , her personal wealth seems rather small. (2012安徽卷34)
A. BesidesB. Otherwise
C. HoweverD. Altogether
Bicycling is good exercise; , it does not pollute the air. (2012湖南卷24)
A. neverthelessB. besides
C. otherwiseD. therefore
5. 情态动词+ have done 表示对过去发生事情的猜测语气
【命题角度】 根据语境,不同情态动词+have done的不同含义
【相关短语】 must have done 对过去事情的肯定猜测,一定做……;should / ought to have done 本应该做……(实际上没做);can / could have done 可能做……(上下文有依据,可能性较大);may / might have done可能做……(可能性较小)
【考题链接】 Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own. (2013全国卷26)
A. canB. must
C. wouldD. need
The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. (2013陕西卷21)
A. must have gotB. must get
C. should have gotD. should get
Jack described his father, who a brave boy, many years ago, as a strongwilled man. (2010安徽卷32)
A. would beB. would have been
C. must beD. must have been
―Happy birthday! (2012江苏卷35)
―Thank you! Its the best present I for.
A. should have wishedB. must have wished
C. may have wishedD. could have wished
6. get across
【命题角度】 与其他类似结构的区别:get across (使) 被理解,(使) 被接受;get through打通 (电话) 通过,完成;get over 越过,克服;get in 收割;get along with与……相处;进展; get away逃离;get back返回,回来。
【考题链接】 There are lots of different ways to your message when you are putting together an ad campaign.
A. get; throughB. get; over
C. get; inD. get; across
7. bring sb. / sth. back to life
【命题角度】 与其他词组用法和辨析:bring up养育;呕吐;bring out阐明;出版;bring in引进;引入;bring down减少;bring back带回来;回忆起;bring about导致;引起。
【考题链接】 The government has taken measures to the high prices of daily goods to keep the market reliable. (2011湖北卷29)
A. take downB. bring down
C. hand downD. tear down
Born into a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing. (2011福建卷31)
A. brought upB. turned down
C. looked afterD. held back
8. persuade
【命题角度】 persuade“说服,劝服”+ sb. to do (或者into doing) sth.;“使 (某人) 相信”+ sb. of sth.或者that从句以及和其他动词的辨析。
【考题链接】 If she doesnt want to go, nothing you can say will her. (2012全国卷35)
A. persuadeB. promise
C. inviteD. support
9. not only... but also...
【命题角度】 not only... but also...中but或者also可以省略;连接主语时不倒装,主谓一致就近原则,连接其他成分位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。
【考题链接】 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only , but students became more interested in the lessons. (2009全国卷31)
A. saved was teachers energy
B. was teachers energy saved
C. teachers energy was saved
D. was saved teachers energy
三、重点词组
1. be used to2. even if3. be aware of4. fall for
5. play tricks on6. trick sb. into doing sth.
7. appeal to8. deal with9. be concerned about10. be satisfied with11. get sth. across12. be involved in13. in honor of14. play a role in
15. be bored with16. give out17. make contributions to18. make way for19. be connected with20. be accused of21. set up22. come across
23. be set in24. add to25. put forward26. upon doing27. last but not least28. keep sth. under control
四、重点语法结构
1. 情态动词相关应用;
2. 被动语态。
五、巩固练习
1. The newly published book, which refers basic English grammar, is only for beginners.
A. as; meantB. for; intended
C. to; plannedD. to; intended
2. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. (2012全国卷30)
A. couldntB. mustnt
C. shouldntD. neednt
3. There a lot of coal mines in the south, but many of them have been closed or are be closed.
A. use to having; about to
B. used to be; to
C. use to having; going to
D. used to be; supposed to
4. I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt .
A. get alongB. get on
C. get throughD. get to
5. He left the place, never back again.
A. determined; to come
B. being determined; to come
C. determined; coming
D. determining; coming
6. ―Id like a table for six.
―Sorry, sir, but we dont have any tables right now.
A. usableB. suitable
C. comfortableD. available
7. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. (2012辽宁卷24)
A. mightB. could
C. shallD. will
8. Also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
A. aware ofB. worried about
C. familiar withD. accustomed to
9. Washington, a state in the United States, was named one of the greatest American presidents.
A. in honor ofB. by means of
C. in search ofD. in need of
10. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I do in China. (2012四川卷19)
A. mustB. might
C. canD. should
11. ―She felt so sorry that she burst into tears.
―Id rather you her all about that.
A. didnt tellB. hadnt told
C. not tellD. wont tell
12. Unluckily I dont have a lot of memories of my childhood. There were no good friends, no amazing adventures, and no wonderful holidays.
A. persuasiveB. ordinary
C. fantasticD. honorable
13. Liu Qian, a magician for Taiwan, audience of thousands on the 2009 CCTV Spring Festival Show.
A. appealed toB. applied for
C. approved ofD. appointed with
14. It was only when I reread his poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. untilB. when
C. thatD. after
15. ―The trip shouldnt take more than an hour.(2012陕西卷21)
―. It is at least two hours.
A. I guess so
B. Thats it
C. You must be joking
D. It depends
参考答案
Module 1
重点单词
1. D2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. C8. B B9. B10. C
巩固练习
1―5 BCBBB6―10 ACDDB11―15 BBCDD
Module 2
重点词汇
1. B2. B3. A B4. C C A5. D6. A7. C C8. D9. A10. A11. D12. B
巩固练习
1―5 BCACC6―10 BCCAA11―15 CACBC
Module 3
重点单词
1. A2. D3. D4. D5. D6. B7.C8. A9. A A10. A
巩固练习
1―5 DCCCA6―10 BCBDA11―15 DBBCA
Module 4
重点单词
1. C2. A3. A4. C B5. B A D D6. D7. B A8. A9. B
关键词:板式塔设备;塔盘垂直度控制;硝酸吸收塔;压力容器
中图分类号:TQ051 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-2374(2011)07-0041-01
10万吨硝酸吸收塔是直径3.4米、高度58.89米、筒体高度52.96米内有塔盘34层盘管28层,我们知道塔器在1.1MPa压力下工作吸收工艺水由塔顶送到第一层塔板上,通过降液管连续稳定地由上而下流入每块塔板上,气体由底部进入向上穿过每层塔板,在塔板上进行着气液之间的泡沫吸收反应,最终生成浓度大于60%的硝酸,尾气由塔顶排走,其N0含量在200PPm以下,不需进行处理就可直接排入大气,要想气液泡沫吸收均匀须保证塔盘安装的水平度及垂直度误差小于3mm,而从我所获悉的好几个用户资料中知道,有的化肥厂吸收塔塔盘平面度垂直度误差超过30mm,导致气流间的泡沫吸收效率低,甚至经常发生停车现象。因此吸收塔的生产过程中,除了重视主体的质量外塔板垂直度的要求也是非常重要的。
一、施工要点
下面我就硝酸吸收塔生产过程中的几个要点做一阐述以供读者参考:
第一,筒节平板在刨边时要控制其对角线尺寸,对角线尺寸误差要控制在3mm以下。误差过大时,简体滚制成圆筒后两环缝不平行,简体组对后直线度不容易保证,塔盘组装后垂直度很难保证。
第二,10万吨硝酸吸收塔筒体厚度小,(从18~28mm)直径大(φ3400mm),属于薄壁结构,正圆时简体最大最小直径差25ram要求达不到,这样组装塔盘时会出现较大变形。要解决此问题,两筒节对接前先用卡环将筒节校圆后对接,这样组装塔盘时避免出现较大变形,保证了塔盘垂直度。
第三,筒节对接时要经常测量筒节直线度,要及时调整。
第四,因硝酸吸收塔高度达58.89米,重量近150吨,整段运输受道路、弯道、桥梁高度等因素影响,一般将其按两段制造,上下两段筒节完成后进行试对接,保证试对接时无间隙,测量其直线度达到要求。
第五,在上段筒节最上节筒体整圈均匀分出8等份,在下段筒节最下节筒体整圈均匀分出8等份,在上下筒节整体用粉线打出8条线(下图),以下封头焊缝为基准,依次划出各层塔盘位置线,用盘尺测量时用20公斤弹簧秤拉住盘尺另一端加15公斤力,用细划针划线。这样避免因尺寸大,拉盘尺力量控制不好,盘尺拉伸不一致尺寸误差过大。塔盘整圈在一个平面内,垂直度及平面度得以保证。
第六,每层塔盘圈都是分段下料,拼接时一定要调平,平面度
第七,各塔盘下料冲孔后因冲孔受力原因造成塔盘冲孔区平面度严重超差,势必影响塔盘整体垂直度。因此塔盘冲孔后一定要机械校平。
第八,上下段现场组对时,在转动胎上将上下两段直线度调整到最好,然后点牢固定,保证塔盘垂直度。
二、检验
我厂在2001年及2006年分别为石家庄市化肥厂、新乡市永昌化工有限公司生产了硝酸吸收塔。生产过程中抓住上述关键,经用户检测塔盘垂直度最大误差不到2mm,设备运转正常,受到设计部门及用户好评。
病毒电影中的病毒危机来源有三:未知的病毒爆发、医学实验负作用、生化武器。三个方面的病毒表现了人类的三大担忧。
直面病毒:信念和爱心无敌?
哪怕明天是世界末日.今天也还是要种苹果树
一一马丁・路德・金
代表电影:《感染列岛》国别:日本上映时间:20lO年10月
新年伊始,医师松冈接下了一个急诊病患,病人高烧、痉挛、吐血,但无法确诊病因,病人很快身亡。松冈还没有从一时的消沉中回过神来,事态已升级。一些医生也染上了怪病,接着又波及到外来人员……病毒开始在日本全国蔓延,患者已达数千万,受灾状况已经超过了战争,而一旦病毒蔓延至他国,全人类将迎来灭顶之灾。而比病毒蔓延更可怕的是对疾病的恐慌,病毒让整个日本社会面临崩溃、民众诚惶诚恐。比克制病毒更紧迫的是,如何重建人类活下去的信念,解药是用爱构建众志成城的决心……
电影将病毒对人类的危害展现得淋漓尽致:感染、潜伏、发病、传播、全民恐慌、军队出动;隔离、抢救、疏散甚至将感染者置于死地――我们看到了人类为了自保而露出“性恶”的一面。但与此同时我们也看到人类同仇敌忾的勇气:冒着感染危险全力维护秩序的政府,为了生存与病毒抗争的患者,自己家人被感染却努力抢救患者的医务人员。
病毒感染退潮,人们感叹信念和爱心无敌――为何在最危难时才能发掘真善美?病毒肆虐后凄惊的城市触动人类反思:究竟是病毒在剥夺人的生存权,还是人类有太强的占有欲,挤占了其他生物的生存空间?人类似平只记得自己是万物之灵,忘记了人只是地球生灵中的一种。末世病毒给人类带来末日,但是这却不是世界的末日。病毒给人的印象是:它没有顾忌,一味地占有、破坏。而对于其他生物来说,把这种特性发挥得淋漓尽致的正是人类。从这个角度讲,人类正充当着末世病毒、全民公敌的角色。末世病毒给人类带来灾难,对其他生物来说,却是“为民除害”。
电影的主旨是:无论何时,都要心怀希望。我们处在一个危机四伏的星球。随便一个未知病毒都能引起瘟疫,这的确是个问题,但却不是最大的问题。
在以病毒为背景的电影中,似乎人们从来就没把病毒放在眼里,它远远没有爱重要。这类型的电影中,起初人类往往在病毒面前不堪一击,而一旦亮出信念和爱心,我们就有了必胜的核武器。信念和爱心是真的“很好,很强大”,还是我们自己真的“很傻,很天真”。
生化危机:扮撒旦还是当上帝?
代表影片:《生化危机4》国别:美国.上映时间:20l0年11月
安布雷拉公司的遗传基因实验室,正在研制一种名为T病毒的生物武器,但是病毒泄露。实验人员被感染,感染者都成了丧尸。安布雷拉公司无力阻止感染扩散,于是转瞬之间病毒扩散到了全球。剩下的人类都躲到了老少边穷地区,但是没有被感染的地区已越来越少。
上帝造物,已经是很多年前的事,但是那些生物并不完美。人类似乎―直不满只充当“万物之灵”这样的小角色。_直在试图摆脱“被创造”的命运.要向造物主的角色看齐。在自己能力范围内.总是想尽办法突破自然的运行规律:在中古时代就知道嫁接;在科技进步后,就开始杂交;当基因技术出现后,人类才真正地找到了遗传密码,有了当造物主的骄傲。
只不过,这种造物,没有彰显上帝的慈悲,只弥漫撒旦的铁血。当安布雷拉公司能够改造人体,提升人体机能,有让人变成超人的技术后,就开始残忍地进行人体实验。甚至不息把实验对象扩大至全人类。
在世界被病毒一统,人类变成丧尸,成为病毒的傀儡后,无处藏身的人类才发现,自己所需要的,只不过是“没有被感染的土地,安全庇护,食物和住所”。此时,人类显得足够可怜,而此前他们足够贪婪。
《生化危机》表面上是表现病毒肆虐,其实说的是人类邪念爆发。如此说来,最可怕的瘟疫,不是来源于实验室,而是来源于人类内心。当上帝的执念和当撒旦的邪念,只在一念之间。
医学滥用:真能驾驭的双刃剑?
我叫罗伯特・奈维尔,我是一个生活在纽约市的幸存者,如果这里还有 其他人……任何人。请回答我,因为你不是孤单一个人。
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代表影片:《我是传奇》国别:美国上映时间:2007年12月
医药公司研制出了_一种麻疹病毒抗体,能对人体进行改造,进而治愈癌症。于是人类争先恐后地注射。谁知麻疹病毒带有负作用,会让人变成没有思想,见不得光只能在夜晚出现的“夜魔”。这并不可怕,可怕的是病毒的潜伏期有三年,在这期间。全球已有一半人注射了这种抗体。这还不是最可怕的,最可怕的是“夜魔”已丧失了人性,逢人便咬,经咬过后便会感染成为“夜魔”。于是,三年后,人类只剩下罗伯特・奈维尔一个人,他每天对着荒芜的城市广播,希望能找到除他之外的另一个人……
纽约曼哈顿,是人类文明最昌盛之地。当看到纽约街道上长出草,羚羊在报废的汽车丛中奔跑时,你就知道,人类没戏了。该影片不是直接写病毒感染时的恐惧,而是把视角切换到病毒感染三年后,从繁华的城市只一个镜头切换就到了荒凉的废墟。这极具视觉冲击力的画面只反映了一个现象:病毒凶猛。人类从远古时代至今,经历了百毒而屹立不倒,但如今却被自己制造的病毒一击而致命,这从另外一个方面证明了人类造物的能力,只不过,我们欠缺的是那种收放自如的控制力,于是呈现在罗伯特・奈维尔面前就只是“世界只有一人’的黑色幽默。他会在便利店中摆满人偶,会和“店老板“计价还价,会吹着口哨调戏“美女”,会把《怪物史莱克》的台词背得滚瓜烂熟。但是这世界静悄悄,只有他一个人在唠叨。他每天不停地向外广播“任何人,请回答我”。他希望有人能回答他,但是回答他的只有他的回音―他始终孤单一人。
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关键词:核电厂控制;室盘台;射频辐射;抗扰度
中图分类号:TM772 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-2374(2013)17-0114-02
1 概述
控制室控制盘台是安装了监视和控制电厂所使用部件的屏的组合体,是实现核电厂在其所有运行和事故工况下安全与有效地运行的重要人机接口资源和设施。盘台所处的控制室环境人员使用的手机、通信系统的无线电广播等都是电磁辐射的来源。为了防止射频电磁干扰带来误驱动或不驱动,确保盘台能执行其要求的功能,有必要对盘台进行射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验。
2 试验标准、要求及分析
2.1 试验标准、要求
根据RG1.180,试验遵守的标准为IEC61000-4-3(1995版),试验等级:水平3:10V/m:26MHz~1GHz;CE认证试验等级为:10V/m:80MHz~1GHz;3V/m:1.4GHz~2.0GHz;1V/m:2.0GHz~2.7GHz。性能准则:性能准则A。
2.2 试验要求分析
试验等级的选择分析:等级1为低电平的电磁辐射环境。等级2为中等电磁辐射环境。等级3为严酷的电磁辐射环境,如一般典型的工业环境。等级×为一开放的等级,可通过用户和设备制造商协商或在产品标准或设备说明书中规定。通常受试设备的试验等级是根据其最终安装环境的电磁情况来选择的。盘台最终安装在核电厂主控制室和远距离停堆室内,属于典型的工业环境。
抗扰度试验的性能准则分析:性能准则A:在试验过程中和试验之后,设备应能按预定要求工作。在设备按预定要求使用时,不应出现制造商所规定的性能等级以下的性能劣化或功能丧失。性能准则B:在试验之后,设备应能按预定要求工作。在设备按预定要求使用时,不应出现制造商所规定的性能等级以下的性能劣化或功能丧失。性能准则C:允许暂时的功能丧失,但要求功能能够自己恢复或可以通过控制来进行恢复。
根据上述性能准则的定义,受试设备的性能准则是根据其使用性能来选择的。盘台包括1E级和非1E级设备,要求其在核电厂所有运行和事故工况下安全与有效地运行。因此盘台的性能准则应为A。
对于IEC61000-4-3(1995版)中试验的频率范围为80MHz~1GHz,IEC61000-4-3(2002版)则把试验的频率范围拓宽到2GHz。根据EN61000-6-2-2005的要求,CE认证的范围为26MHz~2.7GHz。
3 试验设备
本实验采用的试验设备见表1:
4 试验布置
4.1 场的校验布置
在正式试验前,要对场进行校验。场的校验应该在要进行试验的暗室中进行,在受试设备将放置的位置处放置一个各项同性的场探头,其作用是对场发射天线发射的场强进行测量,获得场强的实测值。场探头距离场发射天线的距离为3m。在场发射天线与场探头之间用吸波材料减少地面的反射。具体场校验时的布置如图1所示。
图1 场的校验布置图
4.2 试验布置
实际试验的布置与校验布置的主要区别在于:在放置场探头的位置替换为实际受试设备,场探头就不需要再放置在暗室内。实际布置时,需要注意受试设备应该放置在一个0.1m高的非导电支撑板上,一般为木板。具体试验布置如图2所示:
图2 实际试验布置图
5 试验流程
试验开始前应对受试设备进行一个基准功能试验,建立受试设备的基本功能记录。对于射频电磁场抗扰度试验,在试验前需要对场进行校验。在射频电磁场抗扰度试验期间,为了确保受试设备能够完全被辐射干扰所覆盖到,需要把受试设备的四个面分别朝向发射天线进行试验。在试验结束后,为了检查受试设备是否能够抵抗给定的干扰水平,需要进行试验后的功能验证试验。具体试验的流程如下:(1)基准功能试验;(2)电波暗室内场的校验;(3)射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验;(4)基准功能试验(验证)。
其中第三项试验又包括下面各项:
6 试验案例
下面通过盘台样机试验来说明射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验。
首先是盘台样机的基准功能试验。检查设备的外观,检查盘上安装的开关的功能是否正常。经过目测,没有发现外部破损。开关通过监测设备,实际操作开关,发现开关功能完好。
其次是场的校验。场的校验根据标准的要求,在要求的频率范围内进行,总共需要用到3种天线,每种天线需要进行水平和垂直两个极性的校验。
再次是射频电磁场辐射试验。
最后进行盘台样机的功能验证试验。经过试验发现,在给定的射频电磁场辐射干扰期间和之后,设备的功能完好,满足性能准则A的要求。盘台样机通过了该项试验。
7 结语
通过对核电厂控制室盘台射频电磁场辐射抗扰度试验,试验方法满足RG1.180中关于该试验的要求。盘台样机在试验期间和之后都能满足要求的功能,没有性能下降的情况。
参考文献
[1] U.S.NRC Regulatory Guide 1.180,Revision 1,“Guidelines for Evaluating Electromagnetic and Radio-Frequency Interface in Safety-Related. Instrumentation and Control Systems,” U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, October 2003.
[2] IEC 61000-4-3. “Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)-Part 4-3:Testing and measurement techniques Radiated,radio-frequency,electrostatic field immunity test,” International Electrotechnical Committee, 1995.
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2.系统软件运用不成熟,系统与实物差异较多。作为系统管理软件,百货、超市、便利店及其它商品流通企业主要运用的是物流软件、DRP分销软件、其它企业资源管理软件,其软件总体功能就是实现信息化商品库存管理,然而这一些软件运用是有一定企业背景的,需要一定流程找寻,每一家企业有自己的特色和工作流程,按道理需要定做该系统,但广大中小商品流动企业没有资金实力去再购买开发适合自己企业的软件,只是运用的通用版,这就往往使得企业库存管理软件运用不能与企业自身相结合,出现系统与实物差异较多,往往是受软件功能影响和人员自身问题,再加上工作量的问题而造成的。
3.出入库标准不统一,价格变化快、难于静态盘点。商品流通企业的出入库标准不统一,一些规模型和规范型企业有自己的出入库管理人员,一些企业采用仓库员自行收发货,有的企业又是财务部派专人进行系统出入库,不同企业的出入库标准不统一,往往受企业的物流、采购、运输、门店需求不一致而影响的出入库无法标准统一,另外,还受入库质量检验的影响,退货和退库的影响,最终使得出入库标准不统一,也难统一。更重要的是价格问题,如采用先进先出的价格变化,先进货的未入库,而出库提取价格不准确,让企业头痛。与此相对于的是就是日盘点和月盘点难以实现静态盘点,都是动态盘点,从而使得盘点不准确,出现遗漏或相关问题较多。这是因为商贸流通企业没有整体放假概念,多为轮休制度,因此,仓储部门长年累月处于动态运作状态。
4.盘点人手不足,对账和查账时间不够。日盘点和月盘点人手不足是商品流通企业的最大问题,比如企业要求每天日盘点,一个仓储人员管理上千个品种和规格,其要在当天下午或晚上2-5个小时内全部盘点完成是不可能的事情,财务部也不可能天天派人盘点。因此,仓储部门采用根据发货盘点和近期变化量大库存的日盘点这成为主流盘点方式,而一些企业做得懒的就是周盘点或半月盘点,但其效果不如日盘点效果好。盘点关键的问题是每天盘点完成后对错误的清查、对账、查账时间不够,主要表现在没有多余电脑查账和对账,缺少时间来查对账等。
二、商品流通企业库存商品管理出入库存与盘点管理问题的解决建议
1.合理配置岗位人员,加强人员岗位交接。作为商品流通企业要加强仓储岗位人员配置,特别是要注意旺季和增开分门店或营业网点时,仓储人员必须及时配置,而往往仓储部门人员配置滞后,从而造成问题较多,从而引发岗位人员自动离辞职现象多,因此,在企业发生自动离职人员多的仓储部门时,一定存在重大问题,需要引起重视,全面解决其人员工作分配和人员不足的问题。另外,对离职和辞职、自动离职人员的工作要进行交接,应建议谁管理谁负责,并建立自动离职人员上级主管负责制,否则仓储部门将出现货物丢失、被偷盗或出现其它严重损失现象。各岗位人员工作要有效接,无交接不得上岗,而一些企业头痛医头,脚痛医脚的毛病不改,长期使得岗位无交接,仓储管理问题多是特别多见的现象。
2.实现以系统为主,定期和不定期检查实物及出库记录。作为商品流通企业要以信息化软件系统为准,通过系统自查和抽查、检查库存和对账、查账,一些企业将手工账作为检查的标准,系统账存为辅助账的现象仍然存在,因此,企业需要改变这一观念,实现工作重心转换这才是良方。最终要以系统为准,出库记录为准,实现定期和不定期检查实现与出库记录,达到账实相符才是关键。